wanglei8873057
常用會計類英文詞匯包括:
1、股票 Short-term investments - stock
股票是股份公司發(fā)行的所有權(quán)憑證,是股份公司為籌集資金而發(fā)行給各個股東作為持股憑證并借以取得股息和紅利的一種有價證券。
2、銀行承兌匯票 Bank acceptance
銀行承兌匯票是商業(yè)匯票的一種。指由在承兌銀行開立存款賬戶的存款人簽發(fā),向開戶銀行申請并經(jīng)銀行審查同意承兌的,保證在指定日期無條件支付確定的金額給收款人或持票人的票據(jù)。
3、應(yīng)收利息 Interest receivable
應(yīng)收利息是指短期債券投資實際支付的價款中包含的已到付息期但尚未領(lǐng)取的債券利息。
4、庫存商品 Finished goods
庫存商品是指企業(yè)已完成全部生產(chǎn)過程并已驗收入庫,合乎標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格和技術(shù)條件,可以按照合同規(guī)定的條件送交訂貨單位,或可以作為商品對外銷售的產(chǎn)品以及外購或委托加工完成驗收入庫用于銷售的各種商品。簡而言之,庫存商品指一切閑置的,用于未來的,有經(jīng)濟(jì)價值的商品。
5、長期投資 Long-term investment
長期投資是指不準(zhǔn)備隨時變現(xiàn),持有時間超過1年的企業(yè)對外投資。長期投資之所以區(qū)別于短期投資,不但是投資期限的長短,更在于投資目的的不同。
6、現(xiàn)金 Cash
現(xiàn)金(cash),是指各主權(quán)國家法律確定的,在一定范圍內(nèi)立即可以投入流通的交換媒介。
7、減值準(zhǔn)備 Depreciation reserves
減值準(zhǔn)備是指資產(chǎn)的帳面價值超過其可收回金額,判斷資產(chǎn)是否減值,應(yīng)依據(jù)資產(chǎn)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生減損的某些跡象,如果存在任何一種跡象,企業(yè)應(yīng)對其可收回金額進(jìn)行正式估計。
8、固定資產(chǎn) Fixed assets
固定資產(chǎn)是指企業(yè)為生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品、提供勞務(wù)、出租或者經(jīng)營管理而持有的、使用時間超過12個月的,價值達(dá)到一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的非貨幣性資產(chǎn),包括房屋、建筑物、機(jī)器、機(jī)械、運輸工具以及其他與生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動有關(guān)的設(shè)備、器具、工具等。
9、累計折舊 Accumulated depreciation
“累計折舊”賬戶屬于資產(chǎn)類的備抵調(diào)整賬戶,其結(jié)構(gòu)與一般資產(chǎn)賬戶的結(jié)構(gòu)剛好相反,貸方登記增加,借方登記減少,余額在貸方。
10、在建工程 Construction-in-process
在建工程,指企業(yè)資產(chǎn)的新建、改建、擴(kuò)建,或技術(shù)改造、設(shè)備更新和大修理工程等尚未完工的工程支出。在建工程通常有“自營”和“出包”兩種方式。
愛上大碴粥
求關(guān)于會計的一些常用英文單詞,如下:
A開頭:
1、account receivable 應(yīng)收賬款
2、accountant會計師、會計人員
3、accounting會計
4、accounting cycle 會計循環(huán)
5、accounting equation會計等式
6、accounting information system 會計信息系統(tǒng)
7、accrual-basis accounting 應(yīng)計制會計、權(quán)責(zé)發(fā)生制會計B開頭:
1、bond premium 債券溢價
2、book value 賬面價值
3、brand names 商標(biāo)
4、breakeven point 保本點、盈虧平衡點
5、budget 預(yù)算
6、capital 資本、資金
7、capital expenditure 資本性支出
8、cash budget 現(xiàn)金預(yù)算
9、cash disbursements journal 現(xiàn)金支出日記賬
10、cash flow 現(xiàn)金流量
11、cash payment journal 現(xiàn)金支出日記賬
12、cash receipts journal 現(xiàn)金收入日記賬C開頭:
1、credit 貸
2、credit memorandum or credit memo 貸項備忘錄
3、creditor 債權(quán)人
4、current asset 流動資產(chǎn)
5、current liability 流動負(fù)債
6、current ratio 流動比率
D開頭:
1、debit 借
2、debit memo 借項備忘錄
3、debt ratio 負(fù)債比率
4、debtor 債務(wù)人
E開頭:
1、earnings per share 每股收益
2、efficient capital market 有效資本市場
3、employee compensation 員工薪酬
4、entity 實體
5、estimated residual value 預(yù)估殘余價值
6、expense 費用
7、extraordinary gains and loss 營業(yè)外收入和支出F開頭:1、financial statements 財務(wù)報表
2、finished goods inventory 完工產(chǎn)品存貨(產(chǎn)成品、庫存商品)
3、first-in, first-out 先進(jìn)先出法
4、fiscal year 會計年度
5、fixed asset 固定資產(chǎn)
6、fixed cost 固定成本
7、flexible budget 彈性預(yù)算
8、foreign-currency exchange rate 匯率
9、franchises 特許經(jīng)營權(quán)
擴(kuò)展資料:
會計專有名詞:
會計基本假設(shè)包括:會計主體、持續(xù)經(jīng)營、會計分期和貨幣計量四項。
1、會計主體
會計主體是指會計所服務(wù)的特定單位,它明確了會計工作的空間范圍。
《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則》規(guī)定:“本準(zhǔn)則適用于設(shè)在中華人民共和國境內(nèi)的所有企業(yè)?!边@實質(zhì)上就是說,凡實行獨立核算的企業(yè)是會計主體,對企業(yè)發(fā)生的各項財務(wù)收支及其他經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行會計核算。
2、持續(xù)經(jīng)營
《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則》規(guī)定:“會計核算應(yīng)當(dāng)以企業(yè)持續(xù)、正常的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動為前提。”而不考慮企業(yè)是否將破產(chǎn)清算。它明確了會計工作的時間范圍。
3、會計分期
企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動的連續(xù)性決定了會計活動是連續(xù)不斷的,如何將企業(yè)連續(xù)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動以階段成果形式反映出來,及時地為企業(yè)、政府及所有者提供企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)和經(jīng)營狀況的信息,這就涉及到會計期間劃分問題?!镀髽I(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則》規(guī)定:“會計核算應(yīng)當(dāng)劃分會計期間,分期結(jié)算賬目和編制會計報表。會計期間分為年度、季度和月份,年度、季度和月份的起訖日期采用公歷日期?!?/p>
4、貨幣計量
在會計核算中,可能涉及到多種貨幣,由于各種貨幣單位之間的匯兌率是不斷變化的,這就要求企業(yè)會計必須確立一種貨幣單位為記賬用的貨幣單位,其他所有的貨幣、實物、債權(quán)債務(wù)等,都可以通過它來度量、比較和稽核。這一貨幣單位稱之為“記賬本位幣”。
《企業(yè)會計準(zhǔn)則》規(guī)定:“會計核算以人民幣為記賬本位幣,”同時還規(guī)定:“業(yè)務(wù)收支以外幣為主的企業(yè),也可以選定某種外幣作為記賬本位幣,但編制的會計報表應(yīng)當(dāng)折算為人民幣反映?!?/p>
會計方法
會計的方法是指用來核算和監(jiān)督會計方式、完成會計任務(wù)的手段。也是履行會計職能,完成會計任務(wù),實現(xiàn)會計目標(biāo)的方式,是會計管理的手段。會計的方法包括會計核算方法、會計分析方法和會計檢查方法。
會計核算方法是對經(jīng)濟(jì)活動進(jìn)行全面、綜合、連續(xù)、系統(tǒng)的記錄和計算,為經(jīng)營管理提供必要的信息所應(yīng)用的方法,它是整個會計方法體系的基礎(chǔ)。會計核算方法主要包括以下幾種:(1)設(shè)置賬戶,是對會計對象的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸類核算和監(jiān)督的一種方法。(2)復(fù)式記賬,是對任何一筆經(jīng)業(yè)務(wù)都以相等的金額,在兩個或兩個以上的相關(guān)賬戶中作相互聯(lián)系的登記,從而能夠全面、系統(tǒng)地核算經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)對各會計要素的影響及其結(jié)果。(3)填制和審核會計憑證,會計憑證是用來記錄經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)、明確經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)責(zé)任,并據(jù)以登記賬簿的書面憑證。(4)登記賬簿,就是根據(jù)會計憑證,在賬簿上連續(xù)、完整、系統(tǒng)地記錄經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)的一種專門方法。(5)成本計算,是按一定對象歸集各個經(jīng)營時期發(fā)生的費用,從而計算各個對象的總成本和單位成本的一種專門方法。(6)財產(chǎn)清查,是指通過對貨幣資金、實物資產(chǎn)和往來款項的盤點或核對,確定其實存數(shù),查明賬存數(shù)與實存數(shù)是否相符的一種專門方法。(7)編制會計報表,是以書面報告的形式,頂起總括地反映企事業(yè)單位外務(wù)狀況、經(jīng)營成果和現(xiàn)金流量變動情況的一種專門方法。
(8)檢查、考核、分析會計資料,最重要的是進(jìn)行企業(yè)財務(wù)管理事務(wù)。
參考資料來源:百度百科-會計
~憑湊不齊~
2. Set up and our country is suited to small and medium-sized accounting system. In the past a very long period of time, the country in the development of standardized system of accounting process, with little regard to the accounting needs of small and medium-sized and large enterprises and listed companies the difference, with the SMEs in the economic development of our country more and more important role , accounting theoretical circles to SMEs becoming increasingly concerned about the problem of accounting standardization. Small and medium-sized accounting system should be developed the following principles: (1) to adapt to the characteristics of SMEs. Accounting system at the design of enterprise management to consider organizational system settings, and consistent with this. Because of relatively small volume of business small and medium enterprises, accounting can only focus on the modalities for the accounting, that is, by accounting for organization. Part of small and medium-sized type of transaction is limited, relatively simple operations, which generally required a simple data, the data did not have a deep-level analysis required, it should be allowed some enterprises do not set up accounting body. General accounting staff to 2 ~ 3 people better, and one person assigned to serve as financial director in the division of responsibility should pay attention on the separation of incompatible duties, such as cashiering, general ledger and auditing, treasury and general ledger, breakdown of separation. Some enterprises may also be society's accounting agent intermediaries. Covers a wide range of small and medium-sized industries, set up accounts should be considered universal for the use of sole proprietorship and partnership forms of SMEs have to bear the unlimited duty, consideration should be given to the impact of the accounting system; for enterprises and individuals in household spending and property occupied by the situation of mutual should be set up between the accounts be accounted for; appropriate to relax the credentials to address the small and medium enterprises that access to legitimate credentials and so on. In short, small and medium enterprises must formulate accounting standards should give full consideration to the characteristics of SMEs. (2) the importance of the principle of the information requested focused. Compared with large enterprises, accounting information needs of those in small and medium enterprises has changed. First of all, the Inland Revenue Department tax management needs to become the most important external demand; Secondly, the decision-making needs of investors and managers of the management needs unity; Finally the management of bank loans are demand, but the demand for bank loans and relatively little weak. Demand for accounting information on the changes in accounting decide SMEs should focus on these enterprises on the needs of tax and internal information needs. (3) cost-effective. Accounting information are mentioned there is cost, enterprises in the provision of accounting information should be cost-effective. (4) user-friendly. Because a small amount of small and medium-sized business, accounting personnel, uneven quality, the accounting system should be designed to operate on the full test of the simple. The strengthening of external supervision. Judging from the current status of SMEs in our country of view, rely on their own to regulate the accounting constraints are unrealistic, we should be more through the use of external supervision, assist small and medium-sized accounting standardization of implementation. Financial guidance department should first urge the SMEs in accordance with "Accounting basic job specification" requirement set up a sound system, books and found not in conformity with "Accounting basic job specification" requirement should be solemn and timely treatment; Secondly, financial sector supervision and SMEs should also be set up, sound internal control system of accounting and internal accounting systems; Finally, the financial sector should also be practical to do a good job of follow-up education finance staff. Inland Revenue Department should also be checked to improve the way tax officials to improve the attitude of SMEs and to set up tax agent system to increase the tax declaration of speed, easing the tax burden on staff in order to fully carry out checks. We believe that as long as our country is fully aware of the standardization process of small and medium-sized accounting problems, and taking fully into account the economic development of SMEs in the importance of the parties concerned make concerted efforts and work together, will be able to do the hard work even better.
月兒丸丸
一些常用會計英語單詞如下:
A開頭:
( 1 )、account?賬戶,報表
( 2 )、accounting?postulate?會計假設(shè)
( 3 )、accounting?valuation?會計計價
( 4 )、accountability?concept?經(jīng)營責(zé)任概念
( 5 )、accountancy?會計職業(yè)
( 6 )、accountant?會計師
( 7 )、accounting?會計
( 8 )、agency?cost?代理成本
( 9 )、accounting?bases?會計基礎(chǔ)
( 10 )、accounting?manual?會計手冊
( 11 )、accounting?period?會計期間
( 12 )、accounting?policies?會計方針
( 13 )、accounting?rate?of?return?會計報酬率
( 14 )、accounting?reference?date?會計參照日
( 16 )、accrual?concept?應(yīng)計概念
( 15 )、accounting?reference?period?會計參照期間
( 17 )、accrual?expenses?應(yīng)計費用
( 18 )、acid?test?ratio?速動比率(酸性測試比率)
( 19 )、acquisition?收購
( 20 )、acquisition?accounting?收購會計
( 21 )、adjusting?events?調(diào)整事項
( 22 )、administrative?expenses?行政管理費
( 23 )、amortization?攤銷
B開頭:
(1)、backflush?accounting?倒退成本計算
(2)、bad?debts?壞帳
(3)、bad?debts?ratio?壞帳比率
(4)、bank?charges?銀行手續(xù)費
(5)、bank?overdraft?銀行透支
(6)、bank?reconciliation?銀行存款調(diào)節(jié)表
(7)、bank?statement?銀行對賬單
(8)、bankruptcy?破產(chǎn)
(9)、basis?of?apportionment?分?jǐn)偦A(chǔ)
(10)、batch?批量
(11)、batch?costing?分批成本計算
(12)、beta?factor?B?(市場)風(fēng)險因素B
(12)、bill?賬單
(13)、bill?of?exchange?匯票
(14)、bill?of?lading?提單
(15)、bill?of?materials?用料預(yù)計單
(16)、bill?payable?應(yīng)付票據(jù)
(17)、bill?receivable?應(yīng)收票據(jù)
(18)、bin?card?存貨記錄卡
(19)、bonus?紅利
C開頭:
( 1 )、cash?ledger?現(xiàn)金分類賬
( 2 )、cash?limit?現(xiàn)金限額
( 3 )、CCA?現(xiàn)時成本會計
( 4 )、center?中心
( 5 )、changeover?time?變更時間
( 7 )、chartered?entity?特許經(jīng)濟(jì)個體
( 8 )、cheque?支票
( 9 )、cheque?register?支票登記薄
( 10 )、classification?分類
( 11 )、clock?card?工時卡
( 12 )、code?代碼
( 13 )、commitment?accounting?承諾確認(rèn)會計
( 14 )、common?cost?共同成本
( 15 )、company?limited?by?guarantee?有限擔(dān)保責(zé)任公司
( 16 )、company?limited?by?shares?股份有限公司
( 17 )、competitive?position?競爭能力狀況
( 18 )、concept?概念
( 19 )、conglomerate?跨行業(yè)企業(yè)
( 20 )、consistency?concept?一致性概念
( 21 )、consolidated?accounts?合并報表
( 22 )、consolidation?accounting?合并會計
D開頭:
( 1 )、debenture?債券
( 2 )、debit?note?借項通知
( 3 )、debit?capacity?舉債能力
( 4 )、debt?ratio?債務(wù)比率
( 6 )、debtor?債務(wù)人;應(yīng)收賬款
( 7 )、debtor?days?ratio?應(yīng)收賬款天數(shù)率
( 8 )、debtors?ledger?應(yīng)收賬款分類賬
( 9 )、debtor'?age?analysis?應(yīng)收賬款賬齡分析
( 10 )、decision?driven?costs?決策連動成本
( 11 )、decision?tree?決策樹
( 12 )、defects?次品
( 13 )、deferred?expenditure?遞延支出
( 14 )、deferred?shares?遞延股份
( 15 )、deferred?taxation?遞延稅款
( 16 )、delivery?note?交貨單
( 17 )、departmental?accounts?部門報表
E開頭:
( 1 )、entity?經(jīng)濟(jì)個體
( 2 )、environmental?audit?環(huán)境審計
( 3 )、environmental?impact?assessment?環(huán)境影響評價
( 4 )、EOQ?經(jīng)濟(jì)訂購批量
( 5 )、equity?權(quán)益
( 6 )、equity?method?of?accounting?權(quán)益法會計計算
( 7 )、equity?share?capital?權(quán)益股本
( 8 )、equivalent?units?當(dāng)量
( 9 )、event?事項
( 10 )、exceptional?items?例外事項
( 11 )、expected?value?期望值
( 12 )、expenditure?支出
( 13 )、expenses?費用
( 14 )、external?audit?外部審計
F開頭:
( 1 )、financial?accounting?財務(wù)會計
( 2 )、financial?accounts?calendar?adjustment?財務(wù)報表的日歷時間調(diào)整
( 3 )、financial?management?財務(wù)管理
( 4 )、financial?planning?財務(wù)計劃
( 5 )、financial?statement?財務(wù)報表
( 6 )、finished?goods?完成品
( 7 )、fixed?asset?固定資產(chǎn)
( 8 )、fixed?overhead?固定制造費用
( 7 )、fixed?asset?turnover?固定資產(chǎn)周轉(zhuǎn)率
擴(kuò)展資料:
會計分類:
按核算主體及目的分類
1、預(yù)算會計:以實現(xiàn)公共職能為目的,以公共資產(chǎn)為核算對象,以公共事務(wù)為核算依據(jù),以公共業(yè)務(wù)成果為主要考核指標(biāo),其具有“公共性”、“非營利性”、“財政性”的特點。
是適用于各級政府部門、行政單位和各類非營利組織的會計體系。
2、財務(wù)會計:以營利為目的的經(jīng)濟(jì)實體為核算對象,反映企業(yè)的財務(wù)狀況、經(jīng)營成果和現(xiàn)金流量,為改善企業(yè)內(nèi)部管理和提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益服務(wù)。
是適用于各類企業(yè)及營業(yè)性組織的會計體系。
按報告對象分類
1、財務(wù)會計:編制財務(wù)報表,為企業(yè)內(nèi)部和外部用戶提供信息。財務(wù)會計的信息是提供廣泛的用戶。其重點在于報告財務(wù)狀況和營運狀況,主要是對外部提供參考。
2、管理會計:主要是對企業(yè)的管理層提供信息,作為企業(yè)內(nèi)部各部門進(jìn)行決策的依據(jù)。沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的模式、不受會計準(zhǔn)則的控制。
按行業(yè)分類
1、按行業(yè)分為:工業(yè)企業(yè)會計、商品流通會計 、金融證券會計?、保險企業(yè)會計?、施工企業(yè)會計?、房地產(chǎn)業(yè)會計 、郵電通訊會計 、農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)會計、旅游餐飲會計 、
醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生會計 、?交通運輸會計 、 文化教育會計 、物業(yè)管理會計、 行政事業(yè)會計、 上市公司會計 、物流企業(yè)會計等
按工作內(nèi)容分類
1、成本會計:指為了求得產(chǎn)品的總成本和單位成本而核算全部生產(chǎn)費用的會計。成本會計的中心內(nèi)容為成本核算。
成本會計分為管理及財務(wù)兩個方面,成本會計協(xié)助管理計劃及控制公司的經(jīng)營,并制定長期性或策略性的決策,并且建立有利的成本控制方法、降低成本與改良品質(zhì)。
按工作范圍分類
按工作范圍分為:公共會計、私用會計、政府會計
會計的對象是指會計所核算和監(jiān)督的內(nèi)容,即特定主體能夠以貨幣表現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動。
以貨幣表現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動通常又稱為價值運動或資金運動。資金運動包括特定主體的資金投入、資金運用和資金退出等過程。
參考資料來源:百度百科-會計