吃貨愛漫游
考友們都準(zhǔn)備好考試了嗎?本文“2019年大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀模擬試題及答案解析”，跟著我一起來了解一下吧。要相信只要自己有足夠的實(shí)力，無論考什么都不會害怕!
It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (彩禮). Admittedly, the purposeof this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband wouldmake, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.
The wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe(法學(xué)家) to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic illnesses including depression often do not manifest themselves until the late teens or early 20s.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. A decimum was ________.
A. the wife's inheritance from her father
B. a gift of money to the new husband
protection of the wife’s right
D. a written contract
2. In the 10th and11th centuries in southern European, women’s social position was ______.
A. higher than men’s
B. as high as men’s
C. lower than men’s
recognized
purpose of mentioning the case of Maria Vivas_____
show women had the same rights as,if not more than,their husband
prove hot-tempered woman held a powerful economic position
tell the readers the real situations in some countries
show the fight spirits of woman
a husband sell his wife's inheritance?
A. Yes, if she agreed.
B. No, under no circumstances.
C. Yes, whenever he wished to.
D, Yes, if his father-in-law agreed.
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an effect of the dowry system?
A. The husband had to share the power of decision in marriage.
B. The wife could manage her husband’s personal property.
C. The wife gained a powerful economic position.
D. The wife would not be deserted by her husband.
參考答案及解析
1.[C] 詞義推斷題。第1段第2句指出了 decimum的作用，即與“彩禮”相當(dāng)，作為保護(hù)婦女的工具。第4句以 “The decimum was...”的句式指出其定義，綜合這兩句，可斷定選項(xiàng)C正確。
2.[B] 推理判斷題。文章第1句就表明婦女當(dāng)時的地位很高，第1段最后兩句表明婦女與其丈夫的地位并無不同，是平等的，因此可以推斷本題答案應(yīng)為B。
3.[A] 推理判斷題。本題考查例子與觀點(diǎn)的關(guān)系。該例子是為了證明其前面，即第2段開頭兩句的觀點(diǎn),選項(xiàng)A是對這兩句話的總結(jié)。
4.[A]推理判斷題。本題考査從例子的推斷。根據(jù)Maria Vivas的例子可確定答案，而且從第2段第4句中的Having agreed with her husband可推斷售賣妻子繼承的財(cái)產(chǎn)必須先征得妻子的同意，因此選項(xiàng)A正確。
5.[D] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題?？捎门懦ㄕ页龃鸢?。第1段倒數(shù)第2句可證明選項(xiàng)A正確，第2段首句可證明選項(xiàng)B正確，第2段末句可表明選項(xiàng)C正確，只有選項(xiàng)D太絕對。
There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling .No school I have taught in has ever _____ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much _____ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himself freely and _____ in writing with out holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling become the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a __4__ child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid __5__ language. That’s why teachers often __6__ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience ：“ This work is __7__ !There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible( 難以辨認(rèn)的 ).” It may have been a sharp __8__ of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which __9__ some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.
The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more __10__ to seek improvement.
A)priority B)criticism C)contained D)clearly
E)adventurous F ) discourage G)motivation H)terrible
I)ignored J)difficult K)encourage L)expressed
M)confidently N)bright O)motive L)expressed
答案及解析:
1. 選 I )。 由該句中的 has 可知，此處應(yīng)填動詞過去式，且表達(dá)的含義應(yīng)和后面的 consider…unimportant 相近，故應(yīng)排除 contained 和 expressed
而選擇 ignored 。
2. 選 A )。 此處應(yīng)填名詞，但能與后面 over 構(gòu)成固定搭配的名詞只有 priority ，故排除 了 criticism 和 motivation 。
3. 選 M). 由空格前面的 and 可知，此處應(yīng)填副詞和 freely 并列。從句意來理解，在沒有拼寫困難的情況下，怎樣鼓勵學(xué)生自由且 …… 地表達(dá)自己，選項(xiàng)中只有 confidently “自信地“符合題意。
4. 選 N )。 很明顯這里應(yīng)填形容詞，選項(xiàng)中 terrible ， difficult 后接事物名詞 something ，只有 adventurous 和 bright 可用來形容 somebody ( child )，再由后面的play safe“不冒險”，可排除adventurous而選擇bright。
5. 選 E )。 由前一句中的 be likely to “ play safe ”和空格前的 avoid 可以推知，此處所填詞的意思應(yīng)與play safe表達(dá)的意思相反，故選項(xiàng)中只有adventurous符合題意。
6. 選 K )。 很明顯此處應(yīng)填動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時，可選項(xiàng)有 encourage 和 persuade 。由 That’s why 知本句與前一句構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，而前一句說的是學(xué)生往往會用他們拼寫范圍內(nèi)的詞寫文章，從而選擇避免用那些不會的詞，故由此可推知此句應(yīng)理解為老師鼓勵學(xué)生用字典，因此排除 persuade 而選 encourage。
7. 選 H )。 此處應(yīng)填形容詞。由空格后面的 too many spelling errors 和illegible可知，這篇文章是寫的很糟，而不是很難理解。故排除difficult而選terrible。
8. 選 B )。 此處應(yīng)填名詞。由后半句中 a sad reflection on the teacher 可知，前半句是在指責(zé)學(xué)生，故選項(xiàng)中只有criticism符合題意。
9. 選 C )。 此處填動詞過去式，本句中由 which 引導(dǎo)的從句是對 essay 的解釋，剩余選項(xiàng)中 contained 和 expressed ，根據(jù)句意，文章 …… 兒童內(nèi)心感受的一些好的表達(dá)，故只有contained 符合題意。
10. 選 G )。 此處應(yīng)填名詞。根據(jù)句意，如果老師更注重學(xué)生思想的表達(dá)的話，會給學(xué)生更大的動力去尋求提高;故排除 motive “動機(jī)，原因”而選 motivation 。
全文翻譯：
家長們普遍認(rèn)為中學(xué)現(xiàn)在已不再關(guān)注單詞的正確拼寫了。但我所教過的學(xué)校從來沒有忽視過拼寫，或就一種基本技能來說從沒有認(rèn)為它不重要。然而對于怎么來教拼寫或者是從提高整個語言的發(fā)展和寫作能力方面來說，把拼寫放在什么樣優(yōu)先的地位存在著許多不同的看法。所存在的問題是，在寫作當(dāng)中怎樣鼓勵孩子不要讓復(fù)雜的拼寫來影響他流暢地，自信地表達(dá)自己的思想。
如果字的拼寫成為老師關(guān)心的惟一焦點(diǎn)，很明顯，聰明的孩子很可能就會為“保險起見”，只寫一些他會寫的字，避免因冒險而出錯的語言。那就是為什么老師常常鼓勵學(xué)生很早就要使用字典，而且寫作時重視內(nèi)容而非拼寫技能。
有一次我非常震驚，在一篇描寫個人經(jīng)歷的感情細(xì)膩的文章后面讀到了這些話：“這篇糟透了!單詞拼寫錯誤太多。自己很難辨認(rèn)!”這對于一個學(xué)生的寫作技能也許是一次尖銳的批評，但它同時也悲哀地反映出那位老師忽視了去閱讀一篇包含了表達(dá)孩子內(nèi)心感情的文章。老師注意到了這些問題并沒有錯，但是如果他把重點(diǎn)放在關(guān)注孩子的思想上，只表示出他對孩子的拼寫錯誤有點(diǎn)失望，就會給學(xué)生更大的動力去進(jìn)一步提高。
貓貓不在家叻
英語四級中閱讀理解是最多的，我們考生們都應(yīng)該多做做閱讀理解題，我為你提供了2019年大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀模擬試題三篇，希望能夠幫助到你。
In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition (學(xué)會) of each new skill- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are sever over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general,the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.
As regard the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that “ example is better than precept ”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach(說教), their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
watching the child’s acquisition of new skill ______
be avoided
universal among parents
up dangerous states of worry in the child
make him lose interest in learning new things
the process of children’s learning new skills parents ________
A. should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B. should not expect too much of them
C. should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
creative as many learning opportunities as possible
second paragraph mainly tells us that _________
A. parents should be strict with their children
B. parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community.
C. parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone.
D. parental vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation.
word “precept” (Line3, ) probably means “_______”
A. Idea
C. behavior
D. instruction
moral matters, parents should ________
A. observe the rules themselves
B. be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
C. forbid things which have no foundation in morality
ensure the security of their children
參考答案及解析
1.[B] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第1段第1句中的every parent，often等詞表明這種做法在父母中是非常普遍的，顯然B與之相符。A說法無原文依據(jù)，且由原文可看出題干所述現(xiàn)象是很難避免的;C中dangerous—詞在原文中本是修飾其他情緒，故C不符;D是過多地讓孩子自己一個獨(dú)處的后果,不是題干所述行為的后果。
2.[C] 推理判斷題。第1段第2句說明父母逼得太過分，應(yīng)避免。最后一句則說明對小孩太放任自流同樣不利。由這兩點(diǎn)，我們可以做出如下判斷：父母對孩子的“嚴(yán)”和“松”之間有一個恰當(dāng)?shù)摹岸取?。C與之相符。
3.[C] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第2段表明：不同的家長對孩子的管制程度不同;家長對小孩的管制不僅是為了孩子個人的幸福，也反映了父母的需要以及社區(qū)的價值觀，故C與原文相符。
4.[D] 詞義理解題。由precept所在句可猜測precept應(yīng)與example相對，且與下文的preach意思相近，故D正確。
5.[A] 推理判斷題。第3段提到父母應(yīng)該避免講一套做一套，結(jié)合最后一段可得出結(jié)論：關(guān)于思想道德教育問題，父母應(yīng)以身作則，帶頭遵循，故A正確。
Learning how to write is like taking a course in public speaking. I'd ask whether anyone in class had evertaken such a course. Always a few hands would go up.
"What did you learn in that course?" I'd ask.
"Well, the main thing was learning how to face an audience: not to be inhibited (拘謹(jǐn))... not to be nervous. "
Exactly, when you take a course in public speaking nowadays, you don't hear much about grammar and vocabulary. Instead. you're taught how not to be afraid or embarrassed, how to speak without a prepared script. how to read out to the live audience before you. Public speaking is a matter of overcoming your long-standing nervous inhibitions.
The same is true of writing. The point of the whole thing is to overcome your nervous inhibitions, to break through the invisible barrier that separates you from the person who’ll read what you wrote. You must learn to sit in front of your typewriter of dictating machine and read out to the person at the other end of the line.
Of course, in public speaking with the audience right in front of you, the problem is easier. You can lookat them and talk to them directly. In writing, you 're alone. It needs an effort of your experience or imagination to take hold of that other person and talk to him or her. But that effort is necessary or at least it' s necessary until you've reached the point when you quite naturally and unconsciously "talk on paper".
練習(xí)題：
Choose correct answers to the question:
main task of a public speech course is to __________.
grammar and vocabulary
B. teach how to write a script
C. teach how to overcome nervousness
D. teach live spoken-language expressions
how to write is similar to learning how to speak in public in that writer should _____.
his or her nervousness in the first place
B. take hold of a reader and talk to him or her before writing
C. learn to use a typewriter or dictating machine
D. talk to himself on paper
does the author compare writing and public speaking?
needs more experience and imagination than public speaking
writing and public speaking require great effort
is just as imagination as public speaking
is not as natural as public speaking
of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
students feel the need to learn public speaking
is necessary before you can speak with a script
public speaking, the audience are more nervous than the speaker
is just like making a public speech on paper
selection is mainly about ___________.
effort involved in writing
similarities between writing and public speaking
how to make a public speech
how to talk on paper
參考答案及解析
1.[C] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。原文第4段,特別是第4段的最后一句表明c為正確選項(xiàng)。本題稍具干擾性的是D，該選項(xiàng)中的live一詞在第4段第2句末尾也有出現(xiàn)，但事實(shí)上D與該句的意思不相同。
2.[A] 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對比處。第5段第1句表明下一句就是演講和寫作的相似之處，而A就是對該句的同義替換。其他選項(xiàng)并未按照題目的要求對比演講與寫作，只是說明了寫作必須做的，因此都不正確。
3.[A] 推理判斷題。本題考查對比處。結(jié)尾段對比了演講和寫作的不同之處，第1、2句和第3、4句形成了內(nèi)在的對比關(guān)系，由此可推斷寫作比演講更需要經(jīng)驗(yàn)和努力，因此可確定A正確，而C不正確。雖然在這一段可找到effort和naturally等詞，但原文并沒有從是否要付出同樣多的努力(B)或是否自然(D)等方面對比演講與寫作，因此B和D也不正確。
4.[D] 推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一句中的“在紙上說話”,可推斷作者認(rèn)為寫作如在紙上作演講一樣，因此D正確。A中的Few students與事實(shí)不符;B中的speak with a script在文中未有提及;C中的separated by a barrier錯誤。
5.[D] 主旨大意題。文章的開頭句就是全文的主題句，作者在前四段說明如何演講，從第5段開始，作者轉(zhuǎn)向說明如何寫作,文章的結(jié)尾句對開頭句做出了呼應(yīng)。作者之所以將演講和寫作過程做比較是為了讓自己的觀點(diǎn)更容易、更生動地被讀者明白和接受，因此本文的中心內(nèi)容是圍繞寫作，而不是演講。其余選項(xiàng)雖然文中都有提及，但只是各個具體的側(cè)面內(nèi)容，不能概括全文大意。
Even plants can run a fever, especially when they're under attack by insects or
disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away-straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared (紅外線) scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide(殺蟲劑) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don't have pest(害蟲) problems.
Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems
before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night ,an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running "fevers".Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States, "says George Oerther of Texas A&M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
這是一篇說明文。文章一開頭就介紹了原用于軍事和衛(wèi)星的紅外線掃描技術(shù)，如今被用在農(nóng)業(yè)上。通過遠(yuǎn)距離測量植物的溫度來判斷農(nóng)作物是否遭受蟲害和疾病。在第二段中指出，物理學(xué)家帕里組建了帕里遠(yuǎn)紅外掃描服務(wù)公司，來專門探測農(nóng)業(yè)方面的情況。最后他的公司在三年后被迫關(guān)閉，主要是因?yàn)槿狈Y金。另外，農(nóng)民們也一時不能接受這種新技術(shù)。作者期待將來有一天可以解決財(cái)政困難，將這一新技術(shù)重新用到農(nóng)業(yè)上去。
大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀模擬試題
1. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are _______
A) sprayed with pesticides B) facing an infrared scanner
C) in poor physical condition D) exposed to excessive sun rays
2. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to
_______.
A) estimate the damage to the crops
B) measure the size of the affected area
C) draw a color-coded map
D) locate the problem area
3. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by _______.
A) resorting to spot-spraying B) consulting infrared scanning experts
C) transforming poisoned rain D) detecting crop problems at an early stage
4. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some
difficulties _______.
A) the lack of official support B) its high cost C) the lack of financial D) its failure to help increase production
5. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of _______.
A) the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce.
B) growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
C) the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D) full support from agricultural experts
參考答案及解析
1、[答案及分析]：[C]。詞組理解題。本文第一段的第一句話談到：“Even plants can run fever...by insects or disease.”這就告訴了我們植物升高溫度的原因。本句所問的也正是這個原因。因此，C正告訴了我們這一點(diǎn)，所以C是正確答案。
2、[答案及分析]：[D]詞匯理解題。在第一段的原文中“The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide spraying...”其中的意思是“確定”(蟲害發(fā)生的地方)”而答案D是說“要確定問題所在地區(qū)”，信息與本文相符，故D為正確答案;而A、B、C都與本文不符。
3、[答案及分析]：[A]。判斷題。問農(nóng)民通過何種方式可節(jié)省殺蟲劑。在文章的第二段中談到帕里遠(yuǎn)紅外線掃描服務(wù)公司利用飛機(jī)上的遠(yuǎn)紅外線掃描儀夜間在3000英尺的高度探測到莊稼的情況，然后可將這些情況提供給農(nóng)民，農(nóng)民可噴灑農(nóng)藥，這樣只使用原來農(nóng)藥量的50%-70%就足夠了。故答案A的信息與本文相符;而B、C、D均不正確。
4、[答案及分析]：[C]。詞匯理解題。問遠(yuǎn)紅外掃描技術(shù)用于農(nóng)業(yè)上時遇到的阻力，原因何在。在本文最后段中指出：1984年，帕里公司被迫關(guān)閉的原因一資金缺乏。并呼吁說：“But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10years ago.”其中financial backing的意思與本題C的“financial support”相同。所以答案C正確。
5、[答案及分析]：[B]。正誤判斷題。問遠(yuǎn)紅外掃描技術(shù)有可能重新用于農(nóng)業(yè)，原因何在。在文章最后一段中說“But with the renewed concern...to get back into operation”由此可明顯看出，B的信息與本文內(nèi)容相符，所以答案B是正確的;而A、C、D都與本文不符。
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