初一英語時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
momohana0217
眾有情殤
Billsofexchange,promissorynotesandchequeshavewhatsimilaritiesanddifferences?Eachhaswhatfunction?Isthespecialregulationsofthenegotiableinstrument,itcanbedividedintobillsofbillsofexchange,promissorynotesandcheques.Thebillisoutandissuedbythedrawer,whoentrustedpaymentpeoplesightdraftoronaspecifieddatetopayunconditionallyasumcertaininmoneytothepayeeorbearerabill.Inthedraftconcept,basicpartyhasthree:oneisthedrawer,namelytheissuingtheinstrument;Secondisthepayment,acceptthedrawerandpaythesumpayablebyunconditionally,paymentpersoncanbetheothersincludingBanks,alsocanbethedrawer;Threeisthepayee,namelyholddrafttothedraweeandaskingforpayment.Apromissorynoteisissuer,promisingtoseetickettopayunconditionallyasumcertaininmoneytothepayeeorbearerabill.Lawcalledthepromissorynote,itistopointtoabank'snote.Intheabovetheconceptofapromissorynote,anditsbasicpartyonlytwo:namelytheticketandthepayee.China'spromissorynoteandthemaindifferencebetweenbill:(1)thepartieshavethreeofabillofexchange,promissorynotesandonlytwoparties;(2)apromissorynotethedrawer(alsopayer)limitedtobank;AndonthebillofexchangeandanypaymenttotheholderofthepeoplesoBanks.(3)themakerofapromissorynoteislimitedtothepaymenttermsforfree,andabillmayberegularpayment.Checkoutbyissuedbythedrawer,whoauthorizesthehandlingcheckdepositbankoranyotherfinancialinstitutionintheseetickettopayunconditionallyasumcertaininmoneytothepayeeorbearerabill.Checkthebasicpartieshaveathree:oneisthedrawer,namelyinthebankhavecorrespondingissuingtheinstrumentofthedeposit;2thedraweeis,thatis,Banksandotherlegalfinancialinstitutions;Threeisthepayee,namelyreceiptofpayment.China'scheckofthebillwithdifferent,itsmaindifferencehave:(1)thechequepaymentmustbeBanksandotherlegalfinancialinstitutions,billpaymentofpeoplenotlimitedtofinancialinstitutions;(2)thechequepaymentislimitedtothesightdraft,abillmayberegularpayment.Threesimilarities(1)hasthesameproperties.(1)issetrightsecurities.Billisthebearerbillwrittenbyrightcontent,toproveitsbillrighttoobtainproperty.(2)areformatsecurities.Theformatofthebills(theformandtheitemsrecordedinthe)isbylaw(i.e.negotiablestrictregulation,notabidebytheformatontheeffectivenessofthebilltoacertainextent.(5)aretextsecurities.Therightcontentandnotesofeverythingrelatedtoallmattersonanegotiableinstrumentshallbesubjecttotherecordedtext,notonthebillbytheinfluenceofthetextotherthanmatters.(4)arecanflowthetransferofthesecurities.Generaldebtcontractoftheclaim.Ifyouwanttotransfer,mustobtaintheconsentofthedebtor.Andasthebillcirculationsecurities.Cannotbeendorsedbyendorsementordeliveryofanegotiableinstrumentonlysimpleprocedureandfreetransferandcirculation.(5)arepredictorsofsecurities.Onthebillofrightsthatexistonlyinthebillitself.Textsure,obligesenjoytherighttoholdonlyfornecessaryinstrument,asforthecauseoftheholderacquiresanegotiableinstrument,therightcauseofthealldon'task.Thereasontoexistornot,iseffectiveornot,andthebillrightinprincipletoeachotherisnotaffected.Becauseofthecurrentbillisnotcompletelynegotiablebillofsense.Justbanksettlementway,thisWuYinXingisnotabsolute.(2)havethesameitsfunction.7exchangefunction.Withthefunctionofanegotiableinstrument,solvebetweentwocashinthespaceofobstacles.7creditfunction.Theuseoftheinstrumentcanbesolvedintimeinthecashtopayforobstacles.Thebillitselfisnotgoods,itisbasedoncreditbasisonwrittenvoucher',(3)topayafunction.Theuseoftheinstrumentcanbesolvedincashonformalitiesoftrouble.Billthroughtheendorsementcanbeusedastransfermanytimesinthemarket,beakindofcirculation,paymenttool,reducetheuseofcash.Andbecausetheclearingsystem'sdevelopment,billcanthroughtheclearingcentralclearing,simplifythesettlementprocedures,speedupthecapitalturnoverandimprovetheefficiencyintheuseofsocialcapital:
realnextgen
一、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。2.時(shí)間狀語： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays,3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞 原形 （如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，動詞上要改為第三人稱單數(shù)形式）4.否定形式：主語+am/is/are +not+其他; 此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動詞若為行為動詞，則在其前加don't, 如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動詞。5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首；用助動詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動詞。6.例句：. It seldom snows here.He is always ready to help others.Action speaks louder than words..二、 一般過去時(shí)1.概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。2.時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：be動詞；行為動詞 的過去式4.否定形式：主語+was/were +not+其他;在行為動詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動詞。5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；用助動詞do的過去式did 提問，同時(shí)還原行為動詞。6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.I didn't know you were so busy.三、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作及行為。2.時(shí)間狀語：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be +doing +其他4.否定形式：主語+be +not +doing+其他5.一般疑問句：把be動詞放于句首。6.例句： How are you feeling today?He is doing well in his lessons.四、 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動作。2.時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu) 主語+was/were +doing +其他4.否定形式：主語+was/were + not +doing+其他5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫）6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.五、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.概念：過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。2.時(shí)間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has +p.p（過去分詞）+其他4.否定形式：主語+have/has + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他5.一般疑問句：have或has。6.例句：I've written an article.The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.六、 一般將來時(shí)1.概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。2.時(shí)間狀語：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主語+will/shall + do+其他4.否定形式：主語+am/is/are not going to do ；主語+will/shall not do+其他5.一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.（七、八兩種時(shí)態(tài)一般出現(xiàn)在直接引語轉(zhuǎn)化成間接引語的題型中）七、過去完成時(shí)1.概念：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。2.時(shí)間狀語：Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had + p.p（過去分詞）+其他4.否定形式：主語+had + not +p.p（過去分詞）+其他5.一般疑問句：had放于句首。6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+had+p.p（過去分詞）+其他①肯定句：主語+ had+p.p（過去分詞）+其他②否定句：主語+ had+ not+p.p（過去分詞）+其他③一般疑問句：Had+主語+p.p（過去分詞）+其他④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句八、 過去將來時(shí)1.概念：立足于過去某一時(shí)刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。2.時(shí)間狀語：The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+was/were +going to + do+其他；主語+would/should + do+其他4.否定形式：主語+was/were/not + going to + do; 主語+would/should + not + do.5.一般疑問句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.I asked who was going there .
阿滿思密達(dá)
初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)總結(jié)
時(shí)態(tài)是在英語學(xué)習(xí)中至關(guān)重要的一個(gè)內(nèi)容，很多學(xué)生在實(shí)際應(yīng)用的過程中總是會產(chǎn)生各種各樣的問題。為了方便學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)，我特為大家 總結(jié) 一下初中階段學(xué)習(xí)的八大時(shí)態(tài)。希望此文章能對學(xué)生們時(shí)態(tài)的學(xué)習(xí)及復(fù)習(xí)起到幫助作用!
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①動詞原形 ②主語三單：動詞原形+s/es
三種?？蓟居梅ǎ?、經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性動作
Eg. I always get up early.
2、客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理
Eg. The earth goes around the sun.
3、在時(shí)間狀語從句及條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在表將來
If it doesn't rain, we will have a picnic.
其中，第三種用法就是學(xué)生們熟知的"主將從現(xiàn)"的.原則，這一點(diǎn)大家務(wù)必掌握，此知識點(diǎn)會在初二 學(xué)習(xí) ，同時(shí)也是中考重要考點(diǎn)。
常見時(shí)間狀語：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays, at weekends, once a week, twice a month, etc.
二、一般過去時(shí)：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：動詞的過去式
基本用法：
1、過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)
Eg. I got up late yesterday.
2、過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作
Eg. When I was in the countryside, I often swam in the river.
常見時(shí)間狀語：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month…), in 1986, just now, at the age of 10, at that time, once upon a time, etc.
三、一般將來時(shí)：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①am/is/are/going to + do;②will/shall + do.
基本用法：
am/is/are/going to + do
1、(人)計(jì)劃打算做某事
Eg. I'm going to go shopping with my mom tomorrow.
2、(事)即將發(fā)生
Eg. Look at the clouds, it's going to rain.
will/shall do
1、將來的動作和狀態(tài)(相對較長遠(yuǎn))
Eg. You'll have your own house in the future.
2、禮貌詢問、客氣邀請
Eg. Will you go with me?
3、意愿
Eg. I will do it for you.
常見時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, the day after tomorrow, in+時(shí)間段(格外注意)，etc.
四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞
基本用法：1、此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動作
Eg. I am writing a letter now.
2、現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作
Eg. I am reading a book these days.
常見時(shí)間狀語：now, at this time, these days, etc.
五、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞
基本用法：1、過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動作
Eg. He was playing computer games when his father came home.
2、過去某時(shí)段正在進(jìn)行的動作
Eg. He was doing his homework while his mother was cooking.
常見時(shí)間狀語：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。
六、過去將來時(shí)：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①was/were/going to + do;②would/should + do.
基本用法：從過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
Eg. He said that he would marry her.
常見時(shí)間狀語：the next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.
七、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has + 過去分詞
基本用法：
1、過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果
Eg. I have finished my homework.
2、過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)
Eg. We have waited for her for 2 hours.
常見時(shí)間狀語：recently, lately, so far, up to now, since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段, in the past few years, etc.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是考試中的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們需要格外加強(qiáng)。特別注意瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化問題，具體會在課程中詳細(xì)講解，在此不加以贅述。
八、過去完成時(shí)：
基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had + 過去分詞
基本用法：以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，即"過去的過去"。
Eg. Just before the English class, I suddenly realized that I had left my English textbook at home.
常見時(shí)間狀語：before, after, by the end of last year(month…),etc.
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