pipeline商務(wù)英語(yǔ)
江小賴(lài)007
肉祖宗想切肉
Computer Vocabulary In Common Use 硬件類(lèi)(Hardware) 軟件類(lèi)(Software) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)類(lèi)(Network) CPU(Center Processor Unit)中央處理單元 mainboard主板 RAM(random access memory)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器(內(nèi)存) ROM(Read Only Memory)只讀存儲(chǔ)器 Floppy Disk軟盤(pán) Hard Disk硬盤(pán) CD-ROM光盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器(光驅(qū)) monitor監(jiān)視器 keyboard鍵盤(pán) mouse鼠標(biāo) chip芯片 CD-R光盤(pán)刻錄機(jī) HUB集線(xiàn)器 Modem= MOdulator-DEModulator,調(diào)制解調(diào)器 P-P(Plug and Play)即插即用 UPS(Uninterruptable Power Supply)不間斷電源 BIOS(Basic-input-Output System)基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng) CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體 setup安裝 uninstall卸載 wizzard向?qū)?OS(Operation Systrem)操作系統(tǒng) OA(Office AutoMation)辦公自動(dòng)化 exit退出 edit編輯 copy復(fù)制 cut剪切 paste粘貼 delete刪除 select選擇 find查找 select all全選 replace替換 undo撤消 redo重做 program程序 license許可(證) back前一步 next下一步 finish結(jié)束 folder文件夾 Destination Folder目的文件夾 user用戶(hù) click點(diǎn)擊 double click雙擊 right click右擊 settings設(shè)置 update更新 release發(fā)布 data數(shù)據(jù) data base數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) DBMS(Data Base Manege System)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng) view視圖 insert插入 object對(duì)象 configuration配置 command命令 document文檔 POST(power-on-self-test)電源自檢程序 cursor光標(biāo) attribute屬性 icon圖標(biāo) service pack服務(wù)補(bǔ)丁 option pack功能補(bǔ)丁 Demo演示 short cut快捷方式 exception異常 debug調(diào)試 previous前一個(gè) column行 row列 restart重新啟動(dòng) text文本 font字體 size大小 scale比例 interface界面 function函數(shù) access訪(fǎng)問(wèn) manual指南 active激活 computer language計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言 menu菜單 GUI(graphical user interfaces )圖形用戶(hù)界面 template模版 page setup頁(yè)面設(shè)置 password口令 code密碼 print preview打印預(yù)覽 zoom in放大 zoom out縮小 pan漫游 cruise漫游 full screen全屏 tool bar工具條 status bar狀態(tài)條 ruler標(biāo)尺 table表 paragraph段落 symbol符號(hào) style風(fēng)格 execute執(zhí)行 graphics圖形 image圖像 Unix用于服務(wù)器的一種操作系統(tǒng) Mac OS蘋(píng)果公司開(kāi)發(fā)的操作系統(tǒng) OO(Object-Oriented)面向?qū)ο?virus病毒 file文件 open打開(kāi) colse關(guān)閉 new新建 save保存 exit退出 clear清除 default默認(rèn) LAN局域網(wǎng) WAN廣域網(wǎng) Client/Server客戶(hù)機(jī)/服務(wù)器 ATM( Asynchronous Transfer Mode)異步傳輸模式 Windows NT微軟公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng) Internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng) WWW(World Wide Web)萬(wàn)維網(wǎng) protocol協(xié)議 HTTP超文本傳輸協(xié)議 FTP文件傳輸協(xié)議 Browser瀏覽器 homepage主頁(yè) Webpage網(wǎng)頁(yè) website網(wǎng)站 URL在Internet的WWW服務(wù)程序上 用于指定信息位置的表示方法 Online在線(xiàn) Email電子郵件 ICQ網(wǎng)上尋呼 Firewall防火墻 Gateway網(wǎng)關(guān) HTML超文本標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ)言 hypertext超文本 hyperlink超級(jí)鏈接 IP(Address)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議(地址) SearchEngine搜索引擎 TCP/IP用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一組通訊協(xié)議 Telnet遠(yuǎn)程登錄 IE(Internet Explorer)探索者(微軟公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器) Navigator引航者(網(wǎng)景公司的瀏覽器) multimedia多媒體 ISO國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織 ANSI美國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì) able 能 activefile 活動(dòng)文件 addwatch 添加監(jiān)視點(diǎn) allfiles 所有文件 allrightsreserved 所有的權(quán)力保留 altdirlst 切換目錄格式 andfixamuchwiderrangeofdiskproblems 并能夠解決更大范圍內(nèi)的磁盤(pán)問(wèn)題 andotherinFORMation 以及其它的信息 archivefileattribute 歸檔文件屬性 assignto 指定到 autoanswer 自動(dòng)應(yīng)答 autodetect 自動(dòng)檢測(cè) autoindent 自動(dòng)縮進(jìn) autosave 自動(dòng)存儲(chǔ) availableonvolume 該盤(pán)剩余空間 badcommand 命令錯(cuò) badcommandorfilename 命令或文件名錯(cuò) batchparameters 批處理參數(shù) binaryfile 二進(jìn)制文件 binaryfiles 二進(jìn)制文件 borlandinternational borland國(guó)際公司 bottommargin 頁(yè)下空白 bydate 按日期 byextension 按擴(kuò)展名 byname 按名稱(chēng) bytesfree 字節(jié)空閑 callstack 調(diào)用棧 casesensitive 區(qū)分大小寫(xiě) causespromptingtoconfirmyouwanttooverwritean 要求出現(xiàn)確認(rèn)提示,在你想覆蓋一個(gè) centralpointsoftwareinc central point 軟件股份公司 changedirectory 更換目錄 changedrive 改變驅(qū)動(dòng)器 changename 更改名稱(chēng) characterset 字符集 checkingfor 正在檢查 checksadiskanddisplaysastatusreport 檢查磁盤(pán)并顯示一個(gè)狀態(tài)報(bào)告 chgdrivepath 改變盤(pán)/路徑 china 中國(guó) chooseoneofthefollowing 從下列中選一項(xiàng) clearall 全部清除 clearallbreakpoints 清除所有斷點(diǎn) clearsanattribute 清除屬性 clearscommandhistory 清除命令歷史 clearscreen 清除屏幕 closeall 關(guān)閉所有文件 codegeneration 代碼生成 colorpalette 彩色調(diào)色板 commandline 命令行 commandprompt 命令提示符 compressedfile 壓縮文件 configuresaharddiskforusewithmsdos 配置硬盤(pán),以為 MS-DOS 所用 conventionalmemory 常規(guī)內(nèi)存 copiesdirectoriesandsubdirectorie***ceptemptyones 拷貝目錄和子目錄,空的除外 copiesfilththearchiveattributeset 拷貝設(shè)置了歸檔屬性的文件 copiesoneormorefilestoanotherlocation 把文件拷貝或搬移至另一地方 copiesthecontentsofonefloppydisktoanother 把一個(gè)軟盤(pán)的內(nèi)容拷貝到另一個(gè)軟盤(pán)上 copydiskette 復(fù)制磁盤(pán) copymovecompfindrenamedeletevervieweditattribwordpprintlist C拷貝M移動(dòng) O比 F搜索R改名 D刪除 V版本 E瀏覽A屬性 W寫(xiě)字 P打印 L列表 copyrightc 版權(quán)(c createdospartitionorlogicaldosdrive 創(chuàng)建DOS分區(qū)或邏輯DOS驅(qū)動(dòng)器 createextendeddospartition 創(chuàng)建擴(kuò)展DOS分區(qū) createlogicaldosdrivesintheextendeddospartition 在擴(kuò)展DOS分區(qū)中創(chuàng)建邏輯DOS驅(qū)動(dòng)器 createprimarydospartition 創(chuàng)建DOS主分區(qū) createsadirectory 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)目錄 createschangesordeletesthevolumelabelofadisk 創(chuàng)建,改變或刪除磁盤(pán)的卷標(biāo) currentfile 當(dāng)前文件 currentfixeddiskdrive 當(dāng)前硬盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器 currentsettings 當(dāng)前設(shè)置 currenttime 當(dāng)前時(shí)間 cursorposition 光標(biāo)位置 defrag 整理碎片 dele 刪去 deletepartitionorlogicaldosdrive 刪除分區(qū)或邏輯DOS驅(qū)動(dòng)器 deletesadirectoryandallthesubdirectoriesandfilesinit 刪除一個(gè)目錄和所有的子目錄及其中的所有文件 deltree 刪除樹(shù) devicedriver 設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 dialogbox 對(duì)話(huà)欄 directionkeys 方向鍵 directly 直接地 directorylistargument 目錄顯示變量 directoryof 目錄清單 directorystructure 目錄結(jié)構(gòu) diskaccess 磁盤(pán)存取 diskcopy 磁盤(pán)拷貝 diskservicescopycomparefindrenameverifyvieweditmaplocateinitialize 磁盤(pán)服務(wù)功能: C拷貝 O比較 F搜索R改卷名V校驗(yàn) 瀏覽E編緝M圖 L找文件 N格式化 diskspace 磁盤(pán)空間 displayfile 顯示文件 displayoptions 顯示選項(xiàng) displaypartitioninFORMation 顯示分區(qū)信息 displaysfilesinspecifieddirectoryandallsubdirectories 顯示指定目錄和所有目錄下的文件 displaysfilthspecifiedattributes 顯示指定屬性的文件 displaysorchangesfileattributes 顯示或改變文件屬性 displaysorsetsthedate 顯示或設(shè)備日期 displayssetupscreensinmonochromeinsteadofcolor 以單色而非彩色顯示安裝屏信息 displaystheamountofusedandfreememoryinyoursystem 顯示系統(tǒng)中已用和未用的內(nèi)存數(shù)量 displaysthefullpathandnameofeveryfileonthedisk 顯示磁盤(pán)上所有文件的完整路徑和名稱(chēng) displaysthenameoforchangesthecurrentdirectory 顯示或改變當(dāng)前目錄 doctor 醫(yī)生 doesn 不 doesntchangetheattribute 不要改變屬性 dosshell DOS 外殼 doubleclick 雙擊 doyouwanttodisplaythelogicaldriveinFORMationyn 你想顯示邏輯驅(qū)動(dòng)器信息嗎(y/n)? driveletter 驅(qū)動(dòng)器名 editmenu 編輯選單 emsmemory ems內(nèi)存 endoffile 文件尾 endofline 行尾 enterchoice 輸入選擇 entiredisk 轉(zhuǎn)換磁盤(pán) environmentvariable 環(huán)境變量 esc esc everyfileandsubdirectory 所有的文件和子目錄 existingdestinationfile 已存在的目錄文件時(shí) expandedmemory 擴(kuò)充內(nèi)存 expandtabs 擴(kuò)充標(biāo)簽 explicitly 明確地 extendedmemory 擴(kuò)展內(nèi)存 fastest 最快的 fatfilesystem fat 文件系統(tǒng) fdiskoptions fdisk選項(xiàng) fileattributes 文件屬性 fileFORMat 文件格式 filefunctions 文件功能 fileselection 文件選擇 fileselectionargument 文件選擇變?cè)?filesin 文件在 filesinsubdir 子目錄中文件 fileslisted 列出文件 filespec 文件說(shuō)明 filespecification 文件標(biāo)識(shí) filesselected 選中文件 findfile 文件查尋 fixeddisk 硬盤(pán) fixeddisksetupprogram 硬盤(pán)安裝程序 fixeserrorsonthedisk 解決磁盤(pán)錯(cuò)誤 floppydisk 軟盤(pán) FORMatdiskette 格式化磁盤(pán) FORMatsadiskforusewithmsdos 格式化用于MS-DOS的磁盤(pán) FORMfeed 進(jìn)紙 freememory 閑置內(nèi)存 fullscreen 全屏幕 functionprocedure 函數(shù)過(guò)程 graphical 圖解的 graphicslibrary 圖形庫(kù) groupdirectoriesfirst 先顯示目錄組 hangup 掛斷 harddisk 硬盤(pán) hardwaredetection 硬件檢測(cè) ha**een 已經(jīng) helpfile 幫助文件 helpindex 幫助索引 helpinFORMation 幫助信息 helppath 幫助路徑 helpscreen 幫助屏 helptext 幫助說(shuō)明 helptopics 幫助主題 helpwindow 幫助窗口 hiddenfile 隱含文件 hiddenfileattribute 隱含文件屬性 hiddenfiles 隱含文件 howto 操作方式 ignorecase 忽略大小寫(xiě) inbothconventionalanduppermemory 在常規(guī)和上位內(nèi)存 incorrectdos 不正確的DOS incorrectdosversion DOS 版本不正確 indicatesabinaryfile 表示是一個(gè)二進(jìn)制文件 indicatesanasciitextfile 表示是一個(gè)ascii文本文件 insertmode 插入方式 insteadofusingchkdsktryusingscandisk 請(qǐng)用scandisk,不要用chkdsk inuse 在使用 invaliddirectory 無(wú)效的目錄 is 是 kbytes 千字節(jié) keyboardtype 鍵盤(pán)類(lèi)型 labeldisk 標(biāo)注磁盤(pán) laptop 膝上 largestexecutableprogram 最大可執(zhí)行程序 largestmemoryblockavailable 最大內(nèi)存塊可用 lefthanded 左手習(xí)慣 leftmargin 左邊界 linenumber 行號(hào) linenumbers 行號(hào) linespacing 行間距 listbyfilesinsortedorder 按指定順序顯示文件 listfile 列表文件 listof 清單 locatefile 文件定位 lookat 查看 lookup 查找 macroname 宏名字 makedirectory 創(chuàng)建目錄 memoryinfo 內(nèi)存信息 memorymodel 內(nèi)存模式 menubar 菜單條 menucommand 菜單命令 menus 菜單 messagewindow 信息窗口 microsoft 微軟 microsoftantivirus 微軟反病毒軟件 microsoftcorporation 微軟公司 mini 小的 modemsetup 調(diào)制解調(diào)器安裝 modulename 模塊名 monitormode 監(jiān)控狀態(tài) monochromemonitor 單色監(jiān)視器 moveto 移至 multi 多 newdata 新建數(shù)據(jù) newer 更新的 newfile 新文件 newname 新名稱(chēng) newwindow 新建窗口 norton norton nostack 棧未定義 noteusedeltreecautiously 注意:小心使用deltree onlinehelp 聯(lián)機(jī)求助 optionally 可選擇地 or 或 pageframe 頁(yè)面 pagelength 頁(yè)長(zhǎng) pausesaftereachscreenfulofinFORMation 在顯示每屏信息后暫停一下 pctools pc工具 postscript 附言 prefixmeaningnot 前綴意即"不 prefixtoreverseorder 反向顯示的前綴 presetche**yprefixingantchwithhyphenforexamplew 用前綴和放在短橫線(xiàn)-后的開(kāi)關(guān)(例如/-w)預(yù)置開(kāi)關(guān) pressakeytoresume 按一鍵繼續(xù) pressanykeyforfilefunctions 敲任意鍵執(zhí)行文件功能 pressentertokeepthesamedate 敲回車(chē)以保持相同的日期 pressentertokeepthesametime 敲回車(chē)以保持相同的時(shí)間 pressesctocontinue 敲esc繼續(xù) pressesctoexit 敲鍵退出 pressesctoexitfdisk 敲esc退出fdisk pressesctoreturntofdiskoptions 敲esc返回fdisk選項(xiàng)
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國(guó)際商務(wù)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科考試復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)Lesson 1 International Business商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ)：FDI GDP BOT patent copyright value chain franchising (紫色書(shū)10-11頁(yè))考點(diǎn)：國(guó)際商務(wù)貿(mào)易的主要類(lèi)型（major types of international business） A．Trade（貿(mào)易）： a. commodity trade (商品貿(mào)易,也叫有形貿(mào)易visible trade ) b. service trade (服務(wù)貿(mào)易, 也叫無(wú)形貿(mào)易invisible trade) B. Investment (投資): a. foreign direct investment (FDI 外國(guó)直接投資) b. portfolio investment (證券投資) C. Other types (其他類(lèi)型): a. licensing and franchising (國(guó)際許可與特許經(jīng)營(yíng)) b. management contract and contract manufacturing (管理合同和承包生產(chǎn))翻譯練習(xí):1. 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展,無(wú)形貿(mào)易即使在發(fā)展中國(guó)家的國(guó)際貿(mào)易中所占的比例也逐漸增大With the development of economic globalization, invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in the developing countries2. BOT是 “交鑰匙”工程的一種流行的變通形式BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey projectLesson 2 Income Level and the World Market商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ):GNP PPP ( purchasing power parity 購(gòu)買(mǎi)力平價(jià)) Staple goods (大路貨) creditor country ( 債權(quán)國(guó)) (紫色書(shū)25頁(yè))考點(diǎn):國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值和國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 (GNP 和GDP)GNP: refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economyGDP: refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Per capita income (人均收入): It is calculated by dividing its national income by its populationTriad and Quad (三方組合和四方組合): A. United States B. Western Europe C. Japan D. Canada翻譯練習(xí):1. 國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值和國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值體現(xiàn)了一個(gè)國(guó)家的全部收入,在衡量國(guó)民收入方面可以互換使用。GNP and GDP indicate a country’s total income. They can be used interchangeably to measure the level of its national income.2. 歐盟作為三方組合的一個(gè)分支，在使我們的市場(chǎng)多元化方面起著相當(dāng)重要的作用EU, as one leg of Triad, plays an important role in the respect of diversifying our marketLesson 3 Regional Economic Integration商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ): tariff rates(關(guān)稅率) settlement (協(xié)議) cartel (卡特爾) free trade area NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定) 紫色書(shū)41頁(yè)考點(diǎn):1. 地區(qū)一體化的主要目標(biāo) (Major objectives of regional integration)To better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, at the same time possibly put up barriers to economic activities with non-members2. 地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的四個(gè)層次( Four levels of regional economic integration)A. Free trade area (自由貿(mào)易區(qū))----經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化程度低,內(nèi)部團(tuán)結(jié),但各成員對(duì)外采用各自的貿(mào)易政策B. Customs Union (關(guān)稅同盟)---所有成員對(duì)外都實(shí)行相同的貿(mào)易政策C. Common market (共同市場(chǎng))---共同的對(duì)外政策,生產(chǎn)要素也在各成員國(guó)間流動(dòng)D. Economic union( 經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟)----經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化程度最高, 共同的對(duì)外政策,生產(chǎn)要素也 . 在各成員國(guó)間流動(dòng), 統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)各國(guó)在經(jīng)濟(jì)金融領(lǐng)域的 國(guó)內(nèi)政策,統(tǒng)一貨幣 3. 掌握EU (歐洲聯(lián)盟) , APEC(亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織). OPEC (石油輸出國(guó)組織) 翻譯練習(xí):1. 共同市場(chǎng)具有使商品, 服務(wù),勞動(dòng)力甚至資本,技術(shù)在各成員國(guó)之間自由流通的特點(diǎn).The common market is characterized by the free flow of capital and technology besides goods, services and labor.2. 歐盟是一個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)齊全的實(shí)體,其歷史可以追溯到1952年.The European Union is a full-fledged entity, whose history dates back to 1952.Lesson 4 Economic Globalization商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ):Shareholders（股東）， board of directors（董事會(huì)）， parent company（母公司）， affiliate（子公司）， day-to-day running（日常管理）， multinational corporation（跨國(guó)公司）， home country（母公司所在國(guó)）， host country（東道國(guó)）紫色書(shū)63-64頁(yè)考點(diǎn)：1． 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的基本特征和優(yōu)劣勢(shì)：A． Basic feature：a. free flow of commodity，capital， technology，service and information b. optimized allocation of resources（資源優(yōu)化配置）B. Advantages and negative impacts:Advantages: a. new impetus and opportunities to world economic development b. mutual benefits from economic boomsNegative impacts: a. make countries more vulnerable to the adverse events across the global b. not balanced benefits3. 跨國(guó)公司 (multinational corporations)A. organization---parent and affiliates (組織----母公司與子公司)B. features: a. enormous size b. wide geographical spread (廣闊的地域分布) c. needs ,goals and roles (需要, 目標(biāo)和作用): profits, securityC. four types: a. multi-domestic corporation b. global corporation c. transnational corporation d. world company4. 翻譯:a. 經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化使得各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)更容易受到全球各地不利事件的傷害。Economic globalization is making the various economies more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.b. 安全對(duì)任何一個(gè)跨國(guó)企業(yè)而言都極為重要,因?yàn)闆](méi)有安全,跨國(guó)企業(yè)組織的生存便無(wú)法保證。Security is extremely important to any MNE because without it, an MNE’s survival can never be assured.Lesson 5-6 International Trade (1) (2)商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ): services(勞務(wù)), primary commodities(初級(jí)產(chǎn)品), absolute advantage(絕對(duì)利益), comparative advantage(比較利益), quota(配額), customs union(關(guān)稅同盟), ad valorem duty(從價(jià)稅), specific duties(從量稅), drawback(退稅), MFN(最惠國(guó)待遇), non-tariff barrier(非關(guān)稅壁壘).紫色書(shū): 90頁(yè) 110頁(yè)考點(diǎn):1. 國(guó)際貿(mào)易的定義(definition):It refers to the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another2. 國(guó)際貿(mào)易的兩個(gè)緣由( Two reasons for international trade)a. the uneven distribution of natural resources among countriesb. international specialization(國(guó)際專(zhuān)業(yè)化)3. 國(guó)際專(zhuān)門(mén)化的兩個(gè)理論(Two theories for international specialization)a. The theory of absolute advantage(絕對(duì)利益理論):a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land, and labour)b. The theory of comparative advantage(相對(duì)對(duì)利益理論):Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.4. 關(guān)稅壁壘和非關(guān)稅壁壘( tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers)a. tariff barriers: export duty(進(jìn)口稅), import duty(出口稅), ----specific duties 從量稅 ad valorem duty. 從價(jià)稅 Compound duty 混合稅b. non-tariff barriers: quotas----the most common form of non-tariff barriers5. 翻譯練習(xí)a. 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論已成為現(xiàn)代國(guó)際貿(mào)易思想的基石Comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international tradeb．關(guān)稅壁壘是限制貿(mào)易最常見(jiàn)的形式 Tariff barriers are the most common forms of trade restriction.Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ)：EDI (電子數(shù)據(jù)交換)，customers clearance (結(jié)關(guān))，dispatch (發(fā)運(yùn))，ICC（國(guó)際商會(huì)）Roll-on-roll-off(滾裝滾卸), incoterms (國(guó)際貿(mào)易通則)，F(xiàn)OB(起運(yùn)港船上交貨價(jià))， CFR (成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià))，CIF (成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)價(jià)) 紫色書(shū)132-133頁(yè)考點(diǎn):1.《國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋通則》的必要性和目的 The necessity and purpose of having IncotermsThe purpose of INCOTERMS is to provide a set of international rules for the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade and avoid uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries.3. 三個(gè)最常用術(shù)語(yǔ) (The three most commonly used terms)FOB: Free on Board 裝運(yùn)港船上交貨CFR: Cost and Freight 成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)CIR: Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本,保險(xiǎn)費(fèi),加運(yùn)費(fèi)翻譯練習(xí):a. 折扣是指賣(mài)方按照商品的原價(jià)給買(mǎi)方以一定比率的價(jià)格減讓Discount means that sellers offer to buyers a certain percentage of reduction on the original price.b. 買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方在制定合同時(shí),如果有理解一致的具體規(guī)則可供參照,他們就肯定能簡(jiǎn)單可靠地確定各自的責(zé)任If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.Lesson 8 Business Contract商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ):Inquiry(詢(xún)盤(pán),詢(xún)價(jià)), quotation(報(bào)價(jià)單), validity period(有效期), offer(發(fā)盤(pán)), counter-offer(還盤(pán)), offeree(收盤(pán)人), sales confirmation(銷(xiāo)售確認(rèn)書(shū)), Consignment(寄售), fore majeure(不可抗力), business line(業(yè)務(wù)范圍), contract proper(合同正文), article number(貨號(hào)).紫書(shū)150-151頁(yè)考點(diǎn):1.合同的定義(definition)A contract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties2.談判過(guò)程及簽定合同(the process of negotiation and the conclusion of the contract)inquiry--?quotation---> offer and acceptance-?counter-offer3.合同的種類(lèi)(The types of contracts)a. sales contractb.purchase contractc.sales confirmation4. 合同的構(gòu)成(the setting up of a contract)a. the title (合同名稱(chēng))b. the contract proper(合同正文)c. The signature of the contracting parties(締約雙方簽字)d. The stipulations on the back of the contract(合同背面的規(guī)定)翻譯練習(xí):a. 在實(shí)盤(pán)情況下,我們通常保留有效期三天 In case of firm offers, we usually keep our offers open for three daysLesson 9 Modes of Trade商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ):Counter trade(對(duì)銷(xiāo)貿(mào)易), hyperinflation(極度通貨膨脹), Reichstock（德國(guó)國(guó)家銀行），protectionism（貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義），Clearing system(票據(jù)交換制度), net positions(凈頭寸), compensation trade(補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易), barter(易貨貿(mào)易), counter purchase(互購(gòu)貿(mào)易)Buyback(回購(gòu)貿(mào)易), centrally planned economies(中央計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家), processing trade(加工貿(mào)易), consignment(寄售貿(mào)易), leasing trade(租賃貿(mào)易)，aution(競(jìng)賣(mài)／拍賣(mài)), agency(代理) 174-175頁(yè)考點(diǎn)：1.對(duì)銷(xiāo)貿(mào)易的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)(major advantages of counter trade)a. helping to deal with foreign exchange shortagesb. promoting exportsc, reducing uncertainty regarding export receiptsd.bypassing international price agreemente. helping countries with debt problems to import goods3. 對(duì)銷(xiāo)貿(mào)易的缺點(diǎn)(the drawbacks of counter trade)a. very risky business (conceal the real prices and costs of transactions)b. Companies may suffer losses because they could not get rid of products of poor qualityc. a form of proctectionism翻譯練習(xí)a. “互相捆綁”是易貨貿(mào)易,回購(gòu)貿(mào)易和互惠貿(mào)易的共同特征“Bundling” is the feature common to barter, counter purchase and buyback.b. 作為一種捆綁貿(mào)易,對(duì)銷(xiāo)貿(mào)易一般是在成熟市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)國(guó)家和市場(chǎng)機(jī)制不完善的國(guó)家間發(fā)生的貿(mào)易As a type of bundled trade, counter trade generally takes place between mature market economies and economies with imperfect market institution..Lesson10 International Payment商務(wù)詞匯: debtor(債務(wù)人), debit(收方/借方), financial standing(財(cái)務(wù)狀況), credit worthiness(信譽(yù)), periodic payment(分期付款), cash in advance(預(yù)付現(xiàn)金),usance draft(遠(yuǎn)期匯票), documentary draft(跟單匯票), clean draft(光票), documentary collection(跟單托收), D/P(付款交單), D/A(承兌交單).194-195頁(yè)考點(diǎn):1. 國(guó)際貿(mào)易支付的復(fù)雜性(the complexity of payment in international trade):Mutual trust is hard to build. Both the exporter and the importer face various political risks, commercial risks etc.2. 在一定條件下的兩種支付方法:a. cash in advance or partial cash in advance (預(yù)付現(xiàn)金和部分預(yù)付現(xiàn)金) b.open account(記賬交易) 3. 匯票(the draft/ bill of exchange)a. definition: an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the futureb. sign draft and usance draft (即期匯票和遠(yuǎn)期匯票)c. clean draft (光票:匯票不附單據(jù)) and documentary draft (跟單匯票:隨同匯票一起的有相關(guān)的單據(jù),如提單,發(fā)票,保險(xiǎn)單)4. 跟單拖收 (documentary collection)a. D/P: 付款交單: documents will not be released to the importer until payment is effectedb. D/A: 承兌交單: documents handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter翻譯練習(xí):a. 許多國(guó)際交易是通過(guò)匯票支付的,匯票是對(duì)銀行或顧客的支付命令A(yù) lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft that is an order to a bank or a customer to payb. 即期匯票要求受票人見(jiàn)到匯票后立即付款A(yù) sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.Lesson11-12 Credit (1),(2)商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ):Applicant (申請(qǐng)人), opening bank(開(kāi)證行), corresponding bank(關(guān)系行), advising bank(通知行), confirming bank(保兌行). Reimburse(付款), unit price(單價(jià)), partial shipment(分批裝運(yùn)). Clean credit(光票信用證), revocable credit(可撤消信用證), irrevocable credit(不可撤消信用證). Maturity(到期日,償還日), capital turnover(資金周轉(zhuǎn)率), face value(面值), discount(貼現(xiàn)), deferred payment(延期付款), revolving credit(循環(huán)信用證). 紫色書(shū)220頁(yè) 345頁(yè)考點(diǎn):1.信用證獨(dú)特的具有代表性的特征 The bilateral security—雙邊保證2.信用證的相關(guān)當(dāng)事人及其在信用證業(yè)務(wù)中的作用---聯(lián)系淘寶的例子 A. the applicant (開(kāi)證) B. the opening bank(開(kāi)證行) C. the advising bank(通知行) D. the negotiating bank(議付行) E. the confirming bank(保兌行)4. 信用證的局限性(limitation)a. inability to provide absolute securityb. being more expensive than other forms of payment翻譯練習(xí)1. 信用證的目的是通過(guò)銀行信譽(yù)為國(guó)際支付提供便利The objective of an L/C is to facilitate international payment by means of the creditworthness of the bank.2. 信用證極大地方便并促進(jìn)了國(guó)際貿(mào)易,然而它并不能給締約雙方提供絕對(duì)安全The letter of credit has greatly facilitated and promoted international trade. However, it can not provide absolute security for the contracting parties.Lesson13 Major Documents Required in World Trade商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ):Documents(單據(jù)), take delivery of (提貨), bill of lading(提單). Consignee(收獲人), air bill(空運(yùn)提單), cargo receipt(鐵路運(yùn)單), commercial invoice(商業(yè)發(fā)票), certificate of quality(品質(zhì)證書(shū)). Insurance policy(保險(xiǎn)單) 紫色書(shū)上269頁(yè)考點(diǎn):1,主要單據(jù) (major types of documents)a. commercial invoice 商業(yè)發(fā)票b. packing list 裝相單c. the bill of lading 提單d.insurance policy and insurance certificate 保險(xiǎn)單和保險(xiǎn)證書(shū)e.various certificate 其它各種證書(shū)翻譯練習(xí):1. 提單的簽發(fā)日期絕不能晚于信用證所規(guī)定的時(shí)間The date when the bill of lading is issued can by no means be later than that stipulated in the credit2. 貨物一裝上船,請(qǐng)即電告收發(fā)人You are requested to notify the consignee by cable as soon as the goods are shipped.Lesson14 International Transportation商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ):Finished products (制成品), deregulation(撤消管制規(guī)定), productivity(生產(chǎn)率), cost economies(成本節(jié)約), intermediate products(中間產(chǎn)品), natural product provinces(產(chǎn)品自然領(lǐng)域), Inventory(存貨,庫(kù)存), freight transportation(貨物運(yùn)輸) 紫色書(shū)292頁(yè)考點(diǎn):1.五種主要運(yùn)輸方式 The five major modes of transportation Water ,rail, truck, pipeline, and air2.改變運(yùn)輸業(yè)的四大因素 The four factors that are substantially changing transportationa. transportation deregulationb. just-in-time inventory systemsc. competition based on high level of customer serviced. globalization of business翻譯練習(xí):a.在當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)十分激烈的情況下,出口商必須加快貨運(yùn),以快取勝At a time when competition is fierce, exporters can beat their competitors by speeding up shipment.b.運(yùn)輸對(duì)工業(yè)社會(huì)的發(fā)展和運(yùn)行起著至關(guān)重要的作用Transportation is fundamental to the development and operation of an industrial society.Lesson15-16 Insurance (1), (2)商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ):Insured(保戶(hù)), Insurer(承保人), margin(保險(xiǎn)金), underwriter(保險(xiǎn)商), pool(共同款項(xiàng)), cargo insurance(運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)), marine insurance(海上保險(xiǎn)), indemnity(賠償), ruin(損失), insurable interests(可保險(xiǎn)權(quán)), principle of utmost faith(最大誠(chéng)信原則), forwarding charge(遠(yuǎn)期費(fèi)用) 紫色書(shū) 307,322頁(yè)考點(diǎn):1.保險(xiǎn)的定義(definition)’It can be defined as a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk 2.保險(xiǎn)的三個(gè)主要原則(Three main principles of insurance)a. insurable interestb. utmost good faithc. indemnity兩個(gè)輔助原則(two sub-principle of insurance)a. contributionb. suborgation翻譯練習(xí):a. 貨物保險(xiǎn)通常有火險(xiǎn), 海上保險(xiǎn)和意外事故保險(xiǎn) Cargo insurance includes fire, marine and accident insurance.b. 沒(méi)有可保利益的保險(xiǎn)合同是無(wú)效的。而任何根據(jù)這類(lèi)合同提出的所賠都不會(huì)受理An insurance contract without an insurable interest to support it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertainedLesson 17 The International Monetary System and Exchange Rate商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ)：Change of rate（匯率），gold standard（金本位），reserve currency（儲(chǔ)備貨幣）， clean float（自由浮動(dòng)），dirty float（有干預(yù)浮動(dòng)），discount（貼現(xiàn)），medial rate（中間價(jià)）考點(diǎn)：1匯率（exchange rate）A． fixed exchange rateB． flexible exchange rateC． major factors influencing exchange rate： a international balance of payment b.inflation c.interest rateD. Common measures for intervention in exchange rate a. buying or selling foreign currency b. raising or lowering discount rate c. foreign exchange control翻譯練習(xí): 盡管?chē)?guó)際收支賬面平衡,但在有錯(cuò)誤與遺漏項(xiàng)目時(shí),差額是非常龐大的,每一項(xiàng)都會(huì)有盈余或赤字,如果在3年或5年期間盈余抵消了虧損.則仍然認(rèn)為國(guó)際收支是平衡的。While the balance of payment is always in accounting balance，the odds are astronomical that it would be so without the statistical discrepancy item. There would be a surplus or a deficit in almost every case, but the balance of payment would nevertheless be considered in equilibrium if over three-to-five year period the surpluses more or less canceled out the deficits.從18-20課,商務(wù)術(shù)語(yǔ)請(qǐng)參照紫色書(shū)上每課后面的商務(wù)詞匯復(fù)習(xí),記一些常見(jiàn)的Lesson 18 International Financial Organization重點(diǎn): 1.The world bank group(世界銀行集團(tuán))a.組成: IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF.MIGAb.目標(biāo): to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries2.IBRD(國(guó)際復(fù)興開(kāi)發(fā)銀行)a. source of capital: member countriesb.financing of its lending operation: from the world capital marketsc.target countries: developing countries at more advanced leveld,basic rules governing its operation: for productive purpose/ repayment3. IDA(國(guó)家開(kāi)發(fā)協(xié)會(huì)): targets: the poorer developing countries, basic rules governing its operation: no interests4. IFC(國(guó)際金融公司):Function: to assist the economic development of less-developed countries5. MIGA(多邊投資擔(dān)保機(jī)構(gòu)):Mandate：to encourage equity investment and other direct investment flows to developing countries6．IMF（國(guó)際貨幣基金組織）a．the importance of the quotab．function：providing temporary financing for countries suffering cyclical，seasoned or random shocks that would weaken its currency.翻譯練習(xí):不同于世界銀行,國(guó)際開(kāi)發(fā)協(xié)會(huì)無(wú)法從競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的資本市場(chǎng)上籌集資金,取而代之的是它靠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和一些欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家捐贈(zèng)的資金。Unlike the world bank, the IDA cannot raise capital in competitive capital markets and depends instead on subscription donated by the developed countries and some undeveloped countries.Lesson19-22(剛上課不久, 簡(jiǎn)概)1.對(duì)外直接投資的主要因素 major factors for undertaking FDI 紫書(shū)3792.對(duì)外直接投資的形式 forms of FDI 紫書(shū)3823. 政券交易所的作用 the role of stock exchange 紫書(shū)401國(guó)內(nèi)普通股市包括的三個(gè)市場(chǎng) Three areas for the Domestic Equity Market紫書(shū)402-4034. WTO與 GATT 的區(qū)別 紫書(shū)4225, WTO與China( achievements and challenges) 紫書(shū)424-4266貿(mào)發(fā)會(huì)的目標(biāo) objectives of UNCTAD 紫書(shū)4537貿(mào)發(fā)會(huì)的組織 organization of UNCTAD紫書(shū)454祝發(fā)家考試成功!
小悟空harrywang
Pore-Improve Muffler Manual一、Value and hallmark The noise maked by steam boiler and other Thermal Power Equipment ia more in excess of the rul of "Noise health standards of industrial enterprises" . So, our company has produced utility steam mufflers series to use to power generation, chemical industry, metallurgy and textile.This series is developed according to the principle of anti-, sprayed and resistance. The advantage is large amount of noise reduction, small size, light weight and ease installation. According to different purpose, our company has produced the flowing model mufflers.1. Exhaust filters ignition Mufflers (TB) To hold down noise, there are many model of muffler in the world. Many of those used the principle of multi-level expenditure buck. Becouse of structural complexity, weight, to overhaul the disintegration, the application is very limited. Our production has got over these faults.This series is designed by the most comprehensive muffler principles. High-pressure steam in the muffler flows into the buck body before the first controlled, formde a low-pressure steam and emittde. In the procedure, the airflow internal energy, converted into a frequency of the sound energy partly, while the noise was pared heavily, the noise also more over than the level because of exhaust higher than the design value. Therefore, a double-deck structure resistance acoustic enclosures has designed out of buck. The muffler comes to 6 muffler. If installed according to require, the muffler volume can up to 36-45 dB.2. Security doors steam muffler（TA）As we all know, for the security doors of boiler we should avoid too much noise and make sure the airflow emission freely in process of exhaust. Therefore, the common muffler with multi-level choke and hole injection should net be used. Such restrictions have always been a design difficulty of security gate muffler. It’s also the reason that poor muffler of the security door muffler. This series is also developed according to the principle of anti-, sprayed and resistance. Thereof, 6 muffler expansion insteads of small-diameter hole flow, the anti-, sprayed and resistance effect has strengthened in the structure to achieve the desired muffler effect.3. Low-pressure steam muffler (TD)There are many low-pressure (lower 0.13Mpa) boilers industrial-mining enterprises. In the thermal power station system, there are also many low-pressure thermal devices, for example, the counter-pressure steam turbine, deaerator, auxiliary ventilation, turbo pumps, boiler sequence sewerage, regular sewage and so on. The equipment requirements of the exhaust pipe require the light structure and more convenient install muffler. Silencer for different target, our company has designed the dedicated muffler to meet customer’s requirements.4. Soot-blowing pipe muffler (TC) After installation and maintenance, cleaning up the pipeline is must be done. 3 muffler structure has used in TC muffler, which is also developed according to the principle of anti-, sprayed and resistance and fixed the design of TB and TA in the structure.二、Select manual1、The muffler our company produced has three model: ①TB muffler: use to the high, medium pressure boiler ignition-exhaust muffler.②TA muffler: use to the high, medium pressure security doors steam emissions muffler.③TD muffler: use to steam exhaust muffler of the variety of following 0.16 MPa boiler, deaerator, counter-pressure steam turbine and the rest of the installation of auxiliary power plant.2、Model mode I--------II--------III(Ⅰ) It Composed by two or three English lettersThe first letter means structure features of mufflerT----Pore-improve muffler The second letter means muffler targetB---- Ignition boiler exhaust and other artificial exhaustA---- Security doorsD---- Low-voltage-Hole muffler When the equipment is used to some special purpose, there is the third English lowercase letter. b---- Counter-pressure steam turbiney----Deaerator(Ⅱ) It means the absolute pressure of steam boiler(Ⅲ) The molecular means boiler evaporation, denominator means that muffler exhaust volume3、Selection ExampleTB Series: “TB-13-20/10(over)”Used to the emissions of N3 turbine, 20T/H low-pressure superheated steam boiler. 13at boiler pressure, 20T/H evaporation and 10T/H exhaust volume.4、Selection Tips The equipments are designed according to the steam emissions targets and emissions requirements of users. Therefore, only the products meet to emissions targets, emissions of steam parameters and consistent, it can come to the desired results. So, the following information must be offered:① Turbine models, capacity boiler, steam pressure and temperature② The use of targets③ Emissions④ The the original diameter, thickness of exhaust pipe⑤ If you need to install design, the exhaust pipe installation plans should be provided.三、Installation Notice1、Muffler should be installed perpendicular to the plant top, with steel brackets to fix muffler blocks and plant.2、In order to increase wind resistance, silencer-bearing support has been used. So, in front of the muffler exhaust pipe, it should have a period of expansion bend to absorb heat expansion.3、The reduced water pipes or drainage hole has been designed at the bottom of muffler body.4、If exhaust pipe through the plant platform hole, a rain-cover should be made up by thin steel plate.5、For security doors, in principle, a security door which has single-seat and two-seater is distributed a muffler. For the two-seater, the exhaust pipe can be fixed into a main pipe when installed.6、For the deaerator, radio exhaust-gas-emission exhaust and other small muffler, the shape was designed as tubular to light installation. The outfall of muffler should towards to the direction of the roof. It should be noted that the muffler factory has been fixed stent. If it used a sliding installed stent, the fixed stent can not to be used.7、The connection between muffler and exhaust pipe can be welded or with flange.
雪皚皚xueaiai
常用商務(wù)電話(huà)英語(yǔ):請(qǐng)問(wèn)你找誰(shuí)？ Who would you like to speak to? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)你找誰(shuí)？ May I help you? 他不在辦公室 He is not in the office! 他今天休息，不上班 = He is off today, so he won't be in the office. 你可以打他的手機(jī) = You can call him by his cellphone. 現(xiàn)在是午休時(shí)間，他不在辦公室 = It is lunch break at the moment, he is not in the office. 他1點(diǎn)半上班，到時(shí)再打他電話(huà)。= He will be back at one-thirty, please call back later. 他出去了，一小時(shí)后回來(lái)。 = He is out, he will be back in an hour. 我不太會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，很抱歉。 = I don't speak much English, I'm sorry. 他還未到，5分鐘后可以找到他。 = He is not here yet, but he will be back in five minutes. 他正過(guò)來(lái)，請(qǐng)稍等 = He is coming, please wait. 物流英語(yǔ)常用50句:1．Modern logistics is one of the most challenging and exciting jobs in the world. 現(xiàn)代物流是世界上最富挑戰(zhàn)性和最激動(dòng)人心的工作。 2．Logistics is part of a supply chain. 物流是供應(yīng)鏈的整體組成部分。 3．Logistics is anything but a newborn baby. 物流不是新鮮事。 4．Logistics is a unique global “pipeline”. 物流是獨(dú)特的全球通道。 5．Logistics is related to the effective and efficient flow of materials and information. 物流所涉及的是物料和信息有效、快速的流動(dòng)。 6．Logistics operation and management include packaging, warehousing, material handling, inventory control, transport, forecasting, strategic planning, customer service, etc. 物流操作和管理包括包裝、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、物料搬運(yùn)、庫(kù)存控制、運(yùn)輸、預(yù)測(cè)、戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃和客戶(hù)服務(wù)等方面。 7．Logistics consists of warehousing, transportation, loading and unloading, handling, carrying, packaging, processing, distribution and logistics information. 物流由倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)、運(yùn)輸、裝卸、搬運(yùn)、包裝、加工、配送和物流信息所組成。 8．Logistics may be divided into supply logistics, production logistics, distribution logistics, returned logistics and waste material logistics. 物流可以分成供應(yīng)物流、生產(chǎn)物流、銷(xiāo)售物流、回收物流和廢棄物物流。 9．Logistics is now the last frontier for increasing benefits in industrial production.. 物流是當(dāng)今工業(yè)生產(chǎn)增加利潤(rùn)的最后領(lǐng)域。 10．Logistics is unique, and it never stops! 物流是獨(dú)特的，它從不停止。 11．Logistics performance is happening around the globe, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week and fifty-two weeks a year. 物流運(yùn)作一天24小時(shí)、一周7天、一年52星期在全球發(fā)生。 12．Logistics is concerned with getting products and services where they are needed and when they are desired. 物流所涉及的是在需要的時(shí)候和在需要的地方去的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的活動(dòng)。 13．Logistics is the process of planning, implementing and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements. 物流是計(jì)劃實(shí)施和控制商品的快速、高效流動(dòng)和儲(chǔ)存，以及從源頭到消費(fèi)的服務(wù)和信息的全過(guò)程，以滿(mǎn)足客戶(hù)的需求。 14．Logistics is a hot topic in China。 中國(guó)掀起了物流熱。 15．The overall goal of logistics is to achieve a targeted level of customer service at the lowest possible total cost. 物流的總目標(biāo)是以最低的總成本實(shí)現(xiàn)客戶(hù)服務(wù)的目標(biāo)水平。 16．It is important that persons involved in day-to-day logistics work have a basic understanding of logistics. 重要的是，從事日常物流工作的人員應(yīng)對(duì)物流有個(gè)基本的了解。 17．Logistics must be managed as a core competency. 物流必須作為一個(gè)核心能力來(lái)管理。 18．Logistics competency directly depends on a firm’s strategic positioning. 物流能力是有一家公司的戰(zhàn)略定位直接決定的。 19．Logistics service is a balance of service priority and cost. 物流服務(wù)是服務(wù)優(yōu)先與成本間的平衡。 20．A lot of books on logistics, either in Chinese or in English, were published in 2002. 2002年出版了大量的中、英文物流書(shū)籍。 21．There is great room for logistics development in China. 在中國(guó)，物流發(fā)展有巨大的空間。 22．I wish to make logistics my lifetime career. 我愿把物流作為我的終生事業(yè)。 23．ABC classification is quite useful in inventory control. ABC分類(lèi)管理在庫(kù)存控制方面十分有用。 24．The JIT production system was developed by the Toyota Motor Company about 50 years ago. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)制生產(chǎn)是大約50年前由豐田汽車(chē)公司開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)。 25．Just-in-time (JIT) techniques are sometimes referred to as just-in-time production,just-in-time purchasing and just-in-time delivery. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)制技術(shù)有時(shí)稱(chēng)為準(zhǔn)時(shí)制生產(chǎn)、準(zhǔn)時(shí)制采購(gòu)和準(zhǔn)時(shí)制交付。 26．The key to JIT operations is that the demand for components and materials depends on the finalized production schedule. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)制作業(yè)的關(guān)鍵是對(duì)配件和物料的需求根據(jù)最終生產(chǎn)進(jìn)度來(lái)決定。 27．There are five basic modes of transportation. They are water transport, rail transport, truck transport, air transport and pipeline transport. 基本運(yùn)輸方式有五種，他們是水陸運(yùn)輸、鐵路運(yùn)輸、汽車(chē)運(yùn)輸、航空運(yùn)輸和管道運(yùn)輸。 28．Transportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems. 運(yùn)輸是物流系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和管理中至關(guān)重要的組成部分。 29．If you keep an overstock of the inventory, expenses will incur not only in warehousing, but also in many other aspects, such as the capital cost and interest accruing to it, taxes, insurance and obsolescence cost. 如果過(guò)量庫(kù)存，不僅會(huì)造成倉(cāng)庫(kù)費(fèi)用而且在很多方面會(huì)產(chǎn)生費(fèi)用，如資產(chǎn)成本和它所產(chǎn)生的利息，以及稅收、保險(xiǎn)和商品變成陳舊物的成本。 30．Packing can be divided into industrial packaging and consumer packaging. 包裝可以分成工業(yè)包裝和消費(fèi)包裝兩種。 31．Packaging about protect the goods against damages during handling, storing and transportation. 包裝應(yīng)能保護(hù)貨物在搬運(yùn)、儲(chǔ)存和運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中免受損壞。 32．Due to improper packing, the goods are terribly damaged. 由于包裝不善，貨物嚴(yán)重受損。 33．Things like plastic, steel and glass can be recycled to reduce production cost so that natural resources are saved. 塑料、鋼鐵和玻璃這樣的物品能回收利用以降低生產(chǎn)成本、節(jié)約自然資源。 34．Both buyers and suppliers can benefit a lot from the reduction in the number of suppliers. 買(mǎi)賣(mài)雙方都能從減少供應(yīng)商的數(shù)量上獲取許多利益。 35．Just-in-time strategy ensures that while minimizing inventory levels, materials are made available for production. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)制戰(zhàn)略確保在降低庫(kù)存水平的同時(shí)能得到生產(chǎn)所需的物料。 36．The goal of just-in-time purchasing is zero inventory. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)制采購(gòu)的目標(biāo)是零庫(kù)存。 37．Information is crucial to the performance of a supply chain. 信息對(duì)供應(yīng)鏈的運(yùn)作是至關(guān)重要的。 38．Setting inventory levels requires downstream information from customers on demand, upstream information from suppliers on availability and information on current inventory levels.制定庫(kù)存水平需要下游客戶(hù)需求信息、上游供應(yīng)鏈可供信息和當(dāng)前的庫(kù)存水平信息。 39．The idea of supply chain management was first put forward in the 1980s. 供應(yīng)鏈管理的理念最初在20世紀(jì)80年代提出。 40．Supply chain management means the design, planning and control of the information flow, material flow and cash flow with a view to strengthening competitiveness. 供應(yīng)鏈管理就是對(duì)信息流、物料流和資金流進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)劃和控制以增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。 （或：供應(yīng)鏈管理是指為增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力而對(duì)信息流、物料流和資金流進(jìn)行的設(shè)計(jì)、策劃和控制） 41．Maritime shipping is an important link in international logistics service. 海洋運(yùn)輸是國(guó)際物流服務(wù)的重要環(huán)節(jié)。 42．There are two types of shipping markets: the liner market and the tramp market. 航運(yùn)市場(chǎng)分為兩類(lèi)：班輪運(yùn)輸和不定期船運(yùn)輸。 43．A Container Load Plan is of five copies, each of which is to be given respectively to the terminal, the carrier, the shipping agent, the shipper and the party that stuffs the container. 集裝箱裝箱單一式五份，分別交給集裝箱碼頭、承運(yùn)人、船務(wù)代理、托運(yùn)人和裝箱人。 44．After the cargo is stuffed into a container, it is handed to the container yard (CY) to be loaded on board according to the stowage plan. 貨物裝箱后，就拖運(yùn)到集裝箱堆場(chǎng)并根據(jù)積載圖裝上船。 45．A container terminal connects sea and land, transferring containers to and from ships. It is capable of handling containers more quickly, economically, accurately and in greater volumes than conventional ports. 集裝箱碼頭連接陸運(yùn)和海運(yùn)，經(jīng)船上裝運(yùn)集裝箱。在裝卸搬運(yùn)上，集裝箱碼頭比普通雜貨碼頭更快、更經(jīng)濟(jì)、更準(zhǔn)確、吞吐量更大。 46．Information is a key to the success of logistics. 信息是物流成功的關(guān)鍵。 47．Warehousing is not a new business, but it has gained new functions in modern logistics. 倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)不是新的行業(yè)，但他在現(xiàn)代物流中有了新的功能。 48．Inventory control can effectively reduce logistics cost.庫(kù)存控制能有效地降低物流成本。 49．Packing and sorting are two activities in logistics. 包裝和分揀是物流中的兩項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。 50．A supply chain is defined as a network composed of factories, suppliers, retailers and so on that supply each other with raw materials, components, products and service. 供應(yīng)鏈的定義是一個(gè)互相提供原材料、配件、產(chǎn)成品和服務(wù)的由工廠(chǎng)、供應(yīng)商、零售商等組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)
吃土少年Hollar
備考BEC必背商務(wù)英語(yǔ)詞匯
BEC，指的是劍橋商務(wù)英語(yǔ)資格考試;劍橋系列考試中專(zhuān)為學(xué)習(xí)者提供的國(guó)際商務(wù)英語(yǔ)資格證書(shū)考試，考察真實(shí)工作環(huán)境中英語(yǔ)交流能力。下面是我整理的商務(wù)英語(yǔ)詞匯，希望能幫到大家!
petty cash n. 零用現(xiàn)金
phase out n. 分階段停止使用
pick v. 提取生產(chǎn)用零部件或給顧客發(fā)貨 picking list n. 用于擇取生產(chǎn)或運(yùn)輸訂貨的表格 pie chart n. 餅形圖 pilot n. 小規(guī)模試驗(yàn) pipeline n. 管道，渠道
plant capacity n. 生產(chǎn)規(guī)模，生產(chǎn)能力 plot v. 標(biāo)繪，策劃
plough back n. 將獲利進(jìn)行再投資 point of sale (POS) n. 銷(xiāo)售點(diǎn) policy n. 政策，規(guī)定, 保險(xiǎn)單
portfolio n. (投資)組合 portfolio management n. 組合證券管理 post n. 郵件，郵局;職位 position n. 職位
potential n. 潛在力，潛勢(shì) power n. 能力
purchasing power 購(gòu)買(mǎi)力
PR=Public Relations 公共關(guān)系
preference shares n. 優(yōu)先股 price n. 價(jià)格
market price 市場(chǎng)價(jià)，市價(jià) retail price 零售價(jià)
probation n. 試用期 product n. 產(chǎn)品
production cycle n. 生產(chǎn)周期 production schedule n. 生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃 product life cycle n. 產(chǎn)品生命周期
product mix n.產(chǎn)品組合(種類(lèi)和數(shù)量的組合) productive adj. 生產(chǎn)的，多產(chǎn)的 profile n. 簡(jiǎn)介形象特征 profit n. 利潤(rùn) operating profit n. 營(yíng)業(yè)利潤(rùn) profit and loss account n. 損益賬戶(hù) project v. 預(yù)測(cè) promote v . 推銷(xiāo) promotion n. 提升，升級(jí) proposal n. 建議，計(jì)劃 prospect n. 預(yù)期，展望
prospectus n. 計(jì)劃書(shū)，說(shuō)明書(shū) prosperity n. 繁榮，興隆 prototype n. 原型，樣品 publicity n. 引起公眾注意 public adj. 公眾的，公開(kāi)的 go public 上市
public sector 公有企業(yè) publicity n. 公開(kāi)場(chǎng)合，名聲，宣傳 publics n.公眾，(有共同興趣的)人或社會(huì)人士punctual adj. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)的 punctuality n. 準(zhǔn)時(shí)
purchase v. & n. 購(gòu)買(mǎi)
purchaser n. 買(mǎi)主，采購(gòu)人 QC(=Quality Circle) n. 質(zhì)檢人員 qualify v. 有資格，勝任
qualified adj. 有資格的，勝任的，合格的 qualification n. 資格，資格證明 quality n. 質(zhì)量
quality assurance n. 質(zhì)量保證 quality control 質(zhì)量控制，質(zhì)量管理
quarterly adj./adv. 季度的，按季度 questionnaire n. 調(diào)查表，問(wèn)卷 quote n. 報(bào)價(jià)，股票牌價(jià) quotation n. 報(bào)價(jià)，股票牌價(jià)
R&D Research and Development 研究與開(kāi)發(fā) radically adv. 根本地，徹底地
raise n.(美)增薪v.增加，提高;提出，引起 range n. 系列產(chǎn)品 rank n./v. 排名 rapport n. 密切的關(guān)系，輕松愉快的氣氛 rate n. 比率，費(fèi)用 fixed rate 固定費(fèi)用，固定匯率 going rate 現(xiàn)行利率，現(xiàn)行匯率 rating 評(píng)定結(jié)果 ratio n. 比率 rationalize v. 使更有效，使更合理 raw adj. 原料狀態(tài)的，未加工的
raw material n. 原材料 receive v. 得到 receipt n. 收據(jù) receiver n. 接管人，清算人 accounts receivable 應(yīng)收帳
receivership n. 破產(chǎn)管理 recession n. 蕭條 reckon v. 估算，認(rèn)為
recognize v. 承認(rèn) reconcile v. 使……相吻合，核對(duì)，調(diào)和 recoup v. 扣除，賠償 recover v. 重新獲得，恢復(fù)
recovery n. 重獲，恢復(fù) recruit v. 招聘，征募 n. 新招收的人員 recruitment n. 新成員的吸收 red n. 紅色 in the red 赤字，負(fù)債
reduce v. 減少 reduction n. 減少 redundant adj. 過(guò)多的，被解雇的 redundancy n. 裁員，解雇 reference n. 參考，參考資料
reference number (Ref. No.) 產(chǎn)品的參考號(hào)碼 refund n./v. 歸還，償還 region n. 地區(qū)
reimburse v. 償還，報(bào)銷(xiāo)
reject n./v. 拒絕 reliability n. 可靠性
relief n. 減輕，解除，救濟(jì) relocate v. 調(diào)動(dòng)，重新安置 remuneration n. 酬報(bào)，酬金 rent v. 租 n. 租金
rep (代表)的縮寫(xiě) report to v. 低于(某人)，隸屬，從屬 reposition v. (為商品)重新定位 represent v. 代表，代理 representative n. 代理人，代表 reputation n. 名聲，聲望
reputable adj. 名聲/名譽(yù)好的 reserves n. 儲(chǔ)量金，準(zhǔn)備金 resign v. 放棄，辭去 resignation n. 辭職 resistance n. 阻力，抵觸情緒 respond v. 回答，答復(fù) response n. 回答，答復(fù) restore v. 恢復(fù)
result/results n. 結(jié)果，效果 retail n./v. 零售 retailer n. 零售商 retained earnings n. 留存收益 retire v. 退休 retirement n. 退休
return n. 投資報(bào)酬
return on investment (ROI) n. 投資收入， 投資報(bào)酬 revenue n. 歲入，稅收 review v./n. 檢查 reward n./v. 報(bào)答，報(bào)酬，獎(jiǎng)賞 rework v. (因劣質(zhì)而)重作 risk capital n. 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本 rival n. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，對(duì)手 adj.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的 rocket v. 急速上升，直線(xiàn)上升，飛升 ROI Return on Investment 投資利潤(rùn) roughly adv. 粗略地 round adj. 整數(shù)表示的，大約 round trip 往返的`行程
royalty n. 特許權(quán)，專(zhuān)利權(quán)稅 run v. 管理，經(jīng)營(yíng) running adj. 運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的 sack v. 解雇 sales force 銷(xiāo)售人員 sample n. 樣品v. 試驗(yàn);抽樣檢驗(yàn) saturation n. (市場(chǎng)的)飽和(狀態(tài)) saturate v. 飽和 save v. 節(jié)省，儲(chǔ)蓄 savings n. 存款
scale n. 刻度，層次 scapegoat n. 替罪羊
scare adj. 缺乏的，不足的 scrap n. 廢料或廢品 seasonal adj. 季節(jié)性的
section n. 部門(mén) sector n. 部門(mén) securities n. 債券及有價(jià)證券 segment n. 部分v. 將市場(chǎng)劃分成不同的部分 segmentation n. 將市場(chǎng)劃分成不同的部門(mén) semi-skilled adj. 半熟練的 settle v. 解決，決定 settlement n. 解決，清償，支付 service n. 服務(wù)，幫傭 services n. 專(zhuān)業(yè)服務(wù) settle v. 安排，支付 set up v. 創(chuàng)立 share n. 股份
shareholder n. 股東
shelf-life n. 貨架期(商品可以陳列在貨架上的時(shí)間
shift n. 輪班
showroom n. 陳列室
simulation n. 模擬 shop n. 商店
closed shop 限制行業(yè)(只允許本工會(huì)會(huì)員)open shop 開(kāi)放行業(yè)(非會(huì)員可從事的工作)shop steward 工會(huì)管事 shop floor 生產(chǎn)場(chǎng)所
shortlist n.供最后選擇的候選人名單v. 把……列入最后的候選人名單 sick leave 病假
sick note 病假條 sick pay 病假工資
skilled employee n. 熟練工人
skimming n. 高額定價(jià)，撇奶油式定價(jià)
slogan n. 銷(xiāo)售口號(hào) slump n. 暴跌
a slump in sales 銷(xiāo)售暴跌 soft-sell n.勸誘銷(xiāo)售(術(shù))，軟銷(xiāo)售(手段) software n. 軟件
sole adj. 僅有的，單獨(dú)的
sole distributor 獨(dú)家分銷(xiāo)商 solvent adj. 有償付能力的 sourcing n. 得到供貨 spare part n. 零部件 specification n. 產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明 split v. 分離
spokesman n. 發(fā)言人
sponsor n. 贊助者(為了商品的廣告宣傳) spread n. (股票買(mǎi)價(jià)和賣(mài)價(jià)的)差額 stable adj. 穩(wěn)定的 staff n. 職員
stag n. 投機(jī)認(rèn)股者v. 炒買(mǎi)炒賣(mài) stagnant adj. 停滯的，蕭條的 statute n. 成文法 statutory adj. 法定的 steadily adv. 穩(wěn)定地，平穩(wěn)地 stock n. 庫(kù)存，股票 stock exchange n. 證券交易所
stockbroker n. 股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人 stock controller 庫(kù)房管理者 storage n. 貯藏，庫(kù)存量
strategy n. 戰(zhàn)略 streamline v. 精簡(jiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)，提高效率 stress n. 壓力，緊迫 strike n. 罷工 structure n. 結(jié)構(gòu)，設(shè)備
subcontract v. 分包(工程項(xiàng)目)，轉(zhuǎn)包 subordinate n. 下級(jí)adj.下級(jí)的 subscribe v. 認(rèn)購(gòu) subsidiary n. 子公司
subsidize v. 補(bǔ)貼，資助 subsidy n. 補(bǔ)助金
substantially adv. 大量地，大幅度地 summarize v. 概括，總結(jié) superior n. 上級(jí)，長(zhǎng)官 supervisor n. 監(jiān)督人，管理人 supervisory adj. 監(jiān)督的，管理的 supply n./v. 供給，提供 survey n 調(diào)查
重慶周林頻譜儀
(轉(zhuǎn)載）Computer Vocabulary In Common Use 硬件類(lèi)(Hardware) 軟件類(lèi)(Software) 網(wǎng)絡(luò)類(lèi)(Network) CPU(Center Processor Unit)中央處理單元 mainboard主板 RAM(random access memory)隨機(jī)存儲(chǔ)器(內(nèi)存) ROM(Read Only Memory)只讀存儲(chǔ)器 Floppy Disk軟盤(pán) Hard Disk硬盤(pán) CD-ROM光盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器(光驅(qū)) monitor監(jiān)視器 keyboard鍵盤(pán) mouse鼠標(biāo) chip芯片 CD-R光盤(pán)刻錄機(jī) HUB集線(xiàn)器 Modem= MOdulator-DEModulator,調(diào)制解調(diào)器 P-P(Plug and Play)即插即用 UPS(Uninterruptable Power Supply)不間斷電源 BIOS(Basic-input-Output System)基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng) CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor)互補(bǔ)金屬氧化物半導(dǎo)體 setup安裝 uninstall卸載 wizzard向?qū)?OS(Operation Systrem)操作系統(tǒng) OA(Office AutoMation)辦公自動(dòng)化 exit退出 edit編輯 copy復(fù)制 cut剪切 paste粘貼 delete刪除 select選擇 find查找 select all全選 replace替換 undo撤消 redo重做 program程序 license許可(證) back前一步 next下一步 finish結(jié)束 folder文件夾 Destination Folder目的文件夾 user用戶(hù) click點(diǎn)擊 double click雙擊 right click右擊 settings設(shè)置 update更新 release發(fā)布 data數(shù)據(jù) data base數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) DBMS(Data Base Manege System)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理系統(tǒng) view視圖 insert插入 object對(duì)象 configuration配置 command命令 document文檔 POST(power-on-self-test)電源自檢程序 cursor光標(biāo) attribute屬性 icon圖標(biāo) service pack服務(wù)補(bǔ)丁 option pack功能補(bǔ)丁 Demo演示 short cut快捷方式 exception異常 debug調(diào)試 previous前一個(gè) column行 row列 restart重新啟動(dòng) text文本 font字體 size大小 scale比例 interface界面 function函數(shù) access訪(fǎng)問(wèn) manual指南 active激活 computer language計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言 menu菜單 GUI(graphical user interfaces )圖形用戶(hù)界面 template模版 page setup頁(yè)面設(shè)置 password口令 code密碼 print preview打印預(yù)覽 zoom in放大 zoom out縮小 pan漫游 cruise漫游 full screen全屏 tool bar工具條 status bar狀態(tài)條 ruler標(biāo)尺 table表 paragraph段落 symbol符號(hào) style風(fēng)格 execute執(zhí)行 graphics圖形 image圖像 Unix用于服務(wù)器的一種操作系統(tǒng) Mac OS蘋(píng)果公司開(kāi)發(fā)的操作系統(tǒng) OO(Object-Oriented)面向?qū)ο?virus病毒 file文件 open打開(kāi) colse關(guān)閉 new新建 save保存 exit退出 clear清除 default默認(rèn) LAN局域網(wǎng) WAN廣域網(wǎng) Client/Server客戶(hù)機(jī)/服務(wù)器 ATM( Asynchronous Transfer Mode)異步傳輸模式 Windows NT微軟公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng) Internet互聯(lián)網(wǎng) WWW(World Wide Web)萬(wàn)維網(wǎng) protocol協(xié)議 HTTP超文本傳輸協(xié)議 FTP文件傳輸協(xié)議 Browser瀏覽器 homepage主頁(yè) Webpage網(wǎng)頁(yè) website網(wǎng)站 URL在Internet的WWW服務(wù)程序上 用于指定信息位置的表示方法 Online在線(xiàn) Email電子郵件 ICQ網(wǎng)上尋呼 Firewall防火墻 Gateway網(wǎng)關(guān) HTML超文本標(biāo)識(shí)語(yǔ)言 hypertext超文本 hyperlink超級(jí)鏈接 IP(Address)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議(地址) SearchEngine搜索引擎 TCP/IP用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一組通訊協(xié)議 Telnet遠(yuǎn)程登錄 IE(Internet Explorer)探索者(微軟公司的網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器) Navigator引航者(網(wǎng)景公司的瀏覽器) multimedia多媒體 ISO國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織 ANSI美國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)協(xié)會(huì) able 能 activefile 活動(dòng)文件 addwatch 添加監(jiān)視點(diǎn) allfiles 所有文件 allrightsreserved 所有的權(quán)力保留 altdirlst 切換目錄格式 andfixamuchwiderrangeofdiskproblems 并能夠解決更大范圍內(nèi)的磁盤(pán)問(wèn)題 andotherinFORMation 以及其它的信息 archivefileattribute 歸檔文件屬性 assignto 指定到 autoanswer 自動(dòng)應(yīng)答 autodetect 自動(dòng)檢測(cè) autoindent 自動(dòng)縮進(jìn) autosave 自動(dòng)存儲(chǔ) availableonvolume 該盤(pán)剩余空間 badcommand 命令錯(cuò) badcommandorfilename 命令或文件名錯(cuò) batchparameters 批處理參數(shù) binaryfile 二進(jìn)制文件 binaryfiles 二進(jìn)制文件 borlandinternational borland國(guó)際公司 bottommargin 頁(yè)下空白 bydate 按日期 byextension 按擴(kuò)展名 byname 按名稱(chēng) bytesfree 字節(jié)空閑 callstack 調(diào)用棧 casesensitive 區(qū)分大小寫(xiě) causespromptingtoconfirmyouwanttooverwritean 要求出現(xiàn)確認(rèn)提示,在你想覆蓋一個(gè) centralpointsoftwareinc central point 軟件股份公司 changedirectory 更換目錄 changedrive 改變驅(qū)動(dòng)器 changename 更改名稱(chēng) characterset 字符集 checkingfor 正在檢查 checksadiskanddisplaysastatusreport 檢查磁盤(pán)并顯示一個(gè)狀態(tài)報(bào)告 chgdrivepath 改變盤(pán)/路徑 china 中國(guó) chooseoneofthefollowing 從下列中選一項(xiàng) clearall 全部清除 clearallbreakpoints 清除所有斷點(diǎn) clearsanattribute 清除屬性 clearscommandhistory 清除命令歷史 clearscreen 清除屏幕 closeall 關(guān)閉所有文件 codegeneration 代碼生成 colorpalette 彩色調(diào)色板 commandline 命令行 commandprompt 命令提示符 compressedfile 壓縮文件 configuresaharddiskforusewithmsdos 配置硬盤(pán),以為 MS-DOS 所用 conventionalmemory 常規(guī)內(nèi)存 copiesdirectoriesandsubdirectorie***ceptemptyones 拷貝目錄和子目錄,空的除外 copiesfilththearchiveattributeset 拷貝設(shè)置了歸檔屬性的文件 copiesoneormorefilestoanotherlocation 把文件拷貝或搬移至另一地方 copiesthecontentsofonefloppydisktoanother 把一個(gè)軟盤(pán)的內(nèi)容拷貝到另一個(gè)軟盤(pán)上 copydiskette 復(fù)制磁盤(pán) copymovecompfindrenamedeletevervieweditattribwordpprintlist C拷貝M移動(dòng) O比 F搜索R改名 D刪除 V版本 E瀏覽A屬性 W寫(xiě)字 P打印 L列表 copyrightc 版權(quán)(c createdospartitionorlogicaldosdrive 創(chuàng)建DOS分區(qū)或邏輯DOS驅(qū)動(dòng)器 createextendeddospartition 創(chuàng)建擴(kuò)展DOS分區(qū) createlogicaldosdrivesintheextendeddospartition 在擴(kuò)展DOS分區(qū)中創(chuàng)建邏輯DOS驅(qū)動(dòng)器 createprimarydospartition 創(chuàng)建DOS主分區(qū) createsadirectory 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)目錄 createschangesordeletesthevolumelabelofadisk 創(chuàng)建,改變或刪除磁盤(pán)的卷標(biāo) currentfile 當(dāng)前文件 currentfixeddiskdrive 當(dāng)前硬盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器 currentsettings 當(dāng)前設(shè)置 currenttime 當(dāng)前時(shí)間 cursorposition 光標(biāo)位置 defrag 整理碎片 dele 刪去 deletepartitionorlogicaldosdrive 刪除分區(qū)或邏輯DOS驅(qū)動(dòng)器 deletesadirectoryandallthesubdirectoriesandfilesinit 刪除一個(gè)目錄和所有的子目錄及其中的所有文件 deltree 刪除樹(shù) devicedriver 設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 dialogbox 對(duì)話(huà)欄 directionkeys 方向鍵 directly 直接地 directorylistargument 目錄顯示變量 directoryof 目錄清單 directorystructure 目錄結(jié)構(gòu) diskaccess 磁盤(pán)存取 diskcopy 磁盤(pán)拷貝 diskservicescopycomparefindrenameverifyvieweditmaplocateinitialize 磁盤(pán)服務(wù)功能: C拷貝 O比較 F搜索R改卷名V校驗(yàn) 瀏覽E編緝M圖 L找文件 N格式化 diskspace 磁盤(pán)空間 displayfile 顯示文件 displayoptions 顯示選項(xiàng) displaypartitioninFORMation 顯示分區(qū)信息 displaysfilesinspecifieddirectoryandallsubdirectories 顯示指定目錄和所有目錄下的文件 displaysfilthspecifiedattributes 顯示指定屬性的文件 displaysorchangesfileattributes 顯示或改變文件屬性 displaysorsetsthedate 顯示或設(shè)備日期 displayssetupscreensinmonochromeinsteadofcolor 以單色而非彩色顯示安裝屏信息 displaystheamountofusedandfreememoryinyoursystem 顯示系統(tǒng)中已用和未用的內(nèi)存數(shù)量 displaysthefullpathandnameofeveryfileonthedisk 顯示磁盤(pán)上所有文件的完整路徑和名稱(chēng) displaysthenameoforchangesthecurrentdirectory 顯示或改變當(dāng)前目錄 doctor 醫(yī)生 doesn 不 doesntchangetheattribute 不要改變屬性 dosshell DOS 外殼 doubleclick 雙擊 doyouwanttodisplaythelogicaldriveinFORMationyn 你想顯示邏輯驅(qū)動(dòng)器信息嗎(y/n)? driveletter 驅(qū)動(dòng)器名 editmenu 編輯選單 emsmemory ems內(nèi)存 endoffile 文件尾 endofline 行尾 enterchoice 輸入選擇 entiredisk 轉(zhuǎn)換磁盤(pán) environmentvariable 環(huán)境變量 esc esc everyfileandsubdirectory 所有的文件和子目錄 existingdestinationfile 已存在的目錄文件時(shí) expandedmemory 擴(kuò)充內(nèi)存 expandtabs 擴(kuò)充標(biāo)簽 explicitly 明確地 extendedmemory 擴(kuò)展內(nèi)存 fastest 最快的 fatfilesystem fat 文件系統(tǒng) fdiskoptions fdisk選項(xiàng) fileattributes 文件屬性 fileFORMat 文件格式 filefunctions 文件功能 fileselection 文件選擇 fileselectionargument 文件選擇變?cè)?filesin 文件在 filesinsubdir 子目錄中文件 fileslisted 列出文件 filespec 文件說(shuō)明 filespecification 文件標(biāo)識(shí) filesselected 選中文件 findfile 文件查尋 fixeddisk 硬盤(pán) fixeddisksetupprogram 硬盤(pán)安裝程序 fixeserrorsonthedisk 解決磁盤(pán)錯(cuò)誤 floppydisk 軟盤(pán) FORMatdiskette 格式化磁盤(pán) FORMatsadiskforusewithmsdos 格式化用于MS-DOS的磁盤(pán) FORMfeed 進(jìn)紙 freememory 閑置內(nèi)存 fullscreen 全屏幕 functionprocedure 函數(shù)過(guò)程 graphical 圖解的 graphicslibrary 圖形庫(kù) groupdirectoriesfirst 先顯示目錄組 hangup 掛斷 harddisk 硬盤(pán) hardwaredetection 硬件檢測(cè) ha**een 已經(jīng) helpfile 幫助文件 helpindex 幫助索引 helpinFORMation 幫助信息 helppath 幫助路徑 helpscreen 幫助屏 helptext 幫助說(shuō)明 helptopics 幫助主題 helpwindow 幫助窗口 hiddenfile 隱含文件 hiddenfileattribute 隱含文件屬性 hiddenfiles 隱含文件 howto 操作方式 ignorecase 忽略大小寫(xiě) inbothconventionalanduppermemory 在常規(guī)和上位內(nèi)存 incorrectdos 不正確的DOS incorrectdosversion DOS 版本不正確 indicatesabinaryfile 表示是一個(gè)二進(jìn)制文件 indicatesanasciitextfile 表示是一個(gè)ascii文本文件 insertmode 插入方式 insteadofusingchkdsktryusingscandisk 請(qǐng)用scandisk,不要用chkdsk inuse 在使用 invaliddirectory 無(wú)效的目錄 is 是 kbytes 千字節(jié) keyboardtype 鍵盤(pán)類(lèi)型 labeldisk 標(biāo)注磁盤(pán) laptop 膝上 largestexecutableprogram 最大可執(zhí)行程序 largestmemoryblockavailable 最大內(nèi)存塊可用 lefthanded 左手習(xí)慣 leftmargin 左邊界 linenumber 行號(hào) linenumbers 行號(hào) linespacing 行間距 listbyfilesinsortedorder 按指定順序顯示文件 listfile 列表文件 listof 清單 locatefile 文件定位 lookat 查看 lookup 查找 macroname 宏名字 makedirectory 創(chuàng)建目錄 memoryinfo 內(nèi)存信息 memorymodel 內(nèi)存模式 menubar 菜單條 menucommand 菜單命令 menus 菜單 messagewindow 信息窗口 microsoft 微軟 microsoftantivirus 微軟反病毒軟件 microsoftcorporation 微軟公司 mini 小的 modemsetup 調(diào)制解調(diào)器安裝 modulename 模塊名 monitormode 監(jiān)控狀態(tài) monochromemonitor 單色監(jiān)視器 moveto 移至 multi 多 newdata 新建數(shù)據(jù) newer 更新的 newfile 新文件 newname 新名稱(chēng) newwindow 新建窗口 norton norton nostack 棧未定義 noteusedeltreecautiously 注意:小心使用deltree onlinehelp 聯(lián)機(jī)求助 optionally 可選擇地 or 或 pageframe 頁(yè)面 pagelength 頁(yè)長(zhǎng) pausesaftereachscreenfulofinFORMation 在顯示每屏信息后暫停一下 pctools pc工具 postscript 附言 prefixmeaningnot 前綴意即"不 prefixtoreverseorder 反向顯示的前綴 presetche**yprefixingantchwithhyphenforexamplew 用前綴和放在短橫線(xiàn)-后的開(kāi)關(guān)(例如/-w)預(yù)置開(kāi)關(guān) pressakeytoresume 按一鍵繼續(xù) pressanykeyforfilefunctions 敲任意鍵執(zhí)行文件功能 pressentertokeepthesamedate 敲回車(chē)以保持相同的日期 pressentertokeepthesametime 敲回車(chē)以保持相同的時(shí)間 pressesctocontinue 敲esc繼續(xù) pressesctoexit 敲鍵退出 pressesctoexitfdisk 敲esc退出fdisk pressesctoreturntofdiskoptions 敲esc返回fdisk選項(xiàng)
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