鳥(niǎo)巢英語(yǔ)介紹50詞
茶蟲(chóng)小豆豆
神經(jīng)女大王
The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the bird's nest will be the main track and field stadium for the 2008 Summer Olympics and will be host to the Opening and Closing ceremonies. In 2002 Government officials engaged architects worldwide in a design competition. Pritzker Prize-winning architects Herzog & de Meuron collaborated with ArupSport and China Architecture Design & Research Group to win the competition. The stadium will seat as many as 100,000 spectators during the Olympics, but this will be reduced to 80,000 after the games. It has replaced the original intended venue of the Guangdong Olympic Stadium. The stadium is 330 metres long by 220 metres wide, and is 69.2 metres tall. The 250,000 square metre (gross floor area) stadium is to be built with 36 km of unwrapped steel, with a combined weight of 45,000 tonnes. The stadium will cost up to 3.5 billion yuan (422,873,850 USD/ 325,395,593 EUR). The ground was broken in December 2003, and construction started in March 2004, but was halted by the high construction cost in August 2004.In the new design, the roof of the stadium had been omitted from the design. Experts say that this will make the stadium safer, whilst reducing construction costs. The construction of the Olympic buildings will continue once again in the beginning of 2005. 北京國(guó)家體育館，也稱“鳥(niǎo)巢”，將成為2008年夏季奧運(yùn)會(huì)主要的田徑體育場(chǎng)，并在此舉辦開(kāi)幕式和閉幕式。它在2002年，由政府官員從來(lái)自世界各地的建筑設(shè)計(jì)比賽作品中選中。普里茨克獎(jiǎng)得獎(jiǎng)建筑師赫爾佐克＆德莫鴻聯(lián)合Arupsport以及中國(guó)建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院共同贏得競(jìng)賽。奧運(yùn)會(huì)期間，該體育館將有多達(dá)100,000名觀眾入座，不過(guò)，奧運(yùn)會(huì)之后將減少至80,000。它取代了原計(jì)劃的廣東奧林匹克體育場(chǎng)。該體育場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)330米， 寬220米，高69.2米。 25萬(wàn)平方米（總樓面面積）大球場(chǎng)共建有36公里長(zhǎng)的拆開(kāi)包裝的鋼鐵，總重量45,000噸。該體育場(chǎng)將耗資高達(dá)35.00億元（ 422,873,850美元/ 325,395,593歐元）。2003年12月破土動(dòng)工，2004年3月開(kāi)始修建，但在2004年8月，由于建筑成本高昂停產(chǎn)，進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)修改。 在新的設(shè)計(jì)中，體育館的屋頂被做了簡(jiǎn)化。專家指出，這樣做會(huì)令大球場(chǎng)安全，并且降低施工成本。建造工作將在2005年年初重新啟動(dòng)。
東宮洗馬
樓主自己選擇下,這個(gè)是關(guān)于鳥(niǎo)巢的英文介紹哦:BeijingNationalStadium(Bird'sNest/OlympicStadium)TheBeijingNationalStadium,alsoknownasthebird'snestwillbethemaintrackandfieldstadiumforthe2008SummerOlympicsandwillbehosttotheOpeningandClosingceremonies.In2002Governmentofficialsengagedarchitectsworldwideinadesigncompetition.PritzkerPrize-winningarchitectsHerzog&deMeuroncollaboratedwithArupSportandChinaArchitectureDesign&ResearchGrouptowinthecompetition.Thestadiumwillseatasmanyas100,000spectatorsduringtheOlympics,butthiswillbereducedto80,000afterthegames.IthasreplacedtheoriginalintendedvenueoftheGuangdongOlympicStadium.Thestadiumis330metreslongby220metreswide,andis69.2metrestall.The250,000squaremetre(grossfloorarea)stadiumistobebuiltwith36kmofunwrappedsteel,withacombinedweightof45,000tonnes.Thestadiumwillcostupto3.5billionyuan(422,873,850USD/325,395,593EUR).ThegroundwasbrokeninDecember2003,andconstructionstartedinMarch2004,butwashaltedbythehighconstructioncostinAugust2004.Inthenewdesign,theroofofthestadiumhadbeenomittedfromthedesign.Expertssaythatthiswillmakethestadiumsafer,whilstreducingconstructioncosts.TheconstructionoftheOlympicbuildingswillcontinueonceagaininthebeginningof2005.IndepthThestadium'sappearanceisoneofsynergy,withnodistinctionmadebetweenthefacadeandthesuperstructure.Thestructuralelementsmutuallysupporteachotherandconvergeintoagrid-likeformation-almostlikeabird'snestwithitsinterwoventwigs.Thespatialeffectofthestadiumisnovelandradical,yetsimpleandofanalmostarchaicimmediacy,thuscreatingauniquehistoricallandmarkfortheOlympicsof2008.Thestadiumwasconceivedasalargecollectivevessel,whichmakesadistinctiveandunmistakableimpressionbothfromadistanceandwhenseenfromupclose.ItmeetsallthefunctionalandtechnicalrequirementsofanOlympicNationalStadium,butwithoutcommunicatingtheinsistentsamenessoftechnocraticarchitecturedominatedbylargespansanddigitalscreens.Visitorswalkthroughthisformationandenterthespaciousambulatorythatrunsfullcirclearoundthestands.Fromthere,onecansurveythecirculationoftheentireareaincludingthestairsthataccessthethreetiersofthestands.Functioninglikeanarcadeoraconcourse,thelobbyisacoveredurbanspacewithrestaurantsandstoresthatinvitevisitorstostrollaround.Justasbirdsstuffthespacesbetweenthewoventwigsoftheirnestswithasoftfiller,thespacesinthestructureofthestadiumwillbefilledwithinflatedETFEcushions.Originally,ontheroof,thecushionsweretobemountedontheoutsideofthestructuretomaketheroofcompletelyweatherproof,buttheroofhasbeenomittedfromthedesignin2004.Whiletherainwastobecollectedforrainwaterrecuperation,thesunlightwastofilterthroughthetranslucentroof,providingthelawnwithessentialultravioletradiation.Onthefacade,theinflatedcushionswillbemountedontheinsideofthestructurewherenecessary,e.g.toprovidewindprotection.Sinceallofthefacilities--restaurants,suites,shopsandrestrooms--areallself-containedunits,itispossibletodolargelywithoutasolid,enclosedfacade.Thisallowsfornaturalventilationofthestadium,whichisthemostimportantaspectofthestadium'ssustainabledesign.Theslidingroofwasanintegralpartofthestadiumstructure.Whenitwastobeclosed,itwouldhaveconvertedthestadiumintoacoveredarena;however,theslidingroofwaseliminatedinanefforttocutcostsandincreaseoverallsafetyoftheradicalnewstructure.BeijingNationalStadiumBird'sNest/OlympicStadiumFacilitystatisticsLocationBeijingBrokegroundDec2003OpenedUnknownClosedN/ADemolishedN/AOwnerSurfaceGrassConstructioncost3.5billionyuanArchitectHerzog&deMeuronArupSportCAGTenantsSeatingcapacity91,000(80,000PostOlympics)
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