前后綴是英語里面重要的構(gòu)詞法,下面是一些后綴：1．-ster,-eer,-er（or）意為：從事某種職業(yè)或參與某種活動(dòng)的人（person engaged in an occupation or activity）例詞：gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor 2．-let意為：小或者不重要的東西（small,unimportant things）例詞：booklet,leaflet,starlet 3．-ette意為：1）小的東西（small）例詞：cigarette 2）假的東西（imitation）例詞：leatherette 3）女性（female）例詞：usherette 4．-ess意為：女性（female）例詞：actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5．-hood意為：時(shí)期（status；etc．）例詞：boyhood,childhood,manhood 6．-ship意為：才能,狀態(tài),資格,品質(zhì)等（skill,state,condition,status,quality）例詞：leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship 7．-ful意為：量（the amount which noun contains）例詞：cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful 8．-tion,-ion意為：1）狀態(tài),行動(dòng)等（state；action；etc．）例詞：action,oppression,possession,education,starva- tion 2）機(jī)構(gòu)等（institution；etc．）例詞：organization,foundation 9．-ment意為：狀態(tài),行動(dòng)等（state； action；etc．）例詞：movement,enslavement,pavement 10．-al意為：動(dòng)作（action）例詞：arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11．-age意為：程度,數(shù)量等（extent； amount；etc．）例詞：wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage 12．-ness；-ity（ty）意為：狀態(tài),品質(zhì)（state；quality；etc．）例詞：happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability 13．-ism意為：道義,主義,學(xué)說等（doctrine of,practice of）例詞：idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism 二、動(dòng)詞后綴 常見的此類后綴及其具體含義如下：1．-ify意為：轉(zhuǎn)為,變?yōu)椋╰o turn into,to make or become）例詞：beautify,diversify,simplify 2．-ize；-en意為：使……,變得……（to make or become ；to make into）例詞：modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3．-ate意為：增加,使……（give or add,make or become）例詞：originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate 三、形容詞后綴：常見的此類后綴及其具體含義如下：1．-ful意為：充滿,有（full of；hav- ing；giving；etc．）例詞：useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful 2．-less意為：沒有,無（without；not giving）例詞：speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless 3．-ly意為：有……品質(zhì)的（having the qualities of）例詞：beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly 4．-like意為：像……的（like）例詞：childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5．-y；-ish意為：像……一般的（somewhat like）例詞：meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish 6．-some意為：像……一樣的；引起……的；有……品質(zhì)的（like；causing； having the quality of）例詞：troublesome,burdensome,wholesome,tiresome,bothersome 7．-able（ible）意為：能……的；可以……的（able to be ；capable）例詞：changeable,readable,drinkable,comfortable,expansible,convincible 8．-ed意為：有……的（having,etc．）例詞：wooded,pointed,moneyed,odd-shaped 9．-al意為：有……屬性的,……類型的（nature of,typical of）例詞：cultural,personal,regional,musical 10．-ary（ory）意為：屬于……的,與……相連的（belonging to；connected with）例詞：revolutionary,imaginary,contradictory 11．-ous意為：富含……的；有……品質(zhì)的；像……的（full of；having the quality of；like）例詞：glorious,erroneous,malicious,gracious 12．-ic（ical）意為：……類的；屬于……的（typical of；belonging to）例詞：historic,historical,methodic,methodical,dramatic,heroic 13．-ive意為：有……屬性的；有某種傾向的（having the nature or quality of；given or tending to）例詞：attractive,talkative,restrictive,defensive,preventive,constructive,sensitive