竹林聽雨57
賓語從句是初中中考中必考的考點(diǎn)，有些同學(xué)總在此處出問題，其實(shí)只要你掌握了竅門，賓語從句很簡單就是五個(gè)字：三步兩轉(zhuǎn)，下面具體講解一下。首先我們來了解一下什么是賓語從句？一、定義：在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫做賓語從句，前面的句子叫做主句。有些同學(xué)又說了，考試卷中這么多道題，哪一道是考賓語從句呀？問題問得好，我們先要學(xué)會(huì)在試卷中尋找出賓語從句考點(diǎn)。這也是在題海如云的考試中解決賓語從句的前提！顧名思義，賓語從句在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞质琴e語，能接賓語的只有兩種詞性的詞，哪兩種？對，動(dòng)詞和介詞。那么， 判讀是否是考查賓語從句無外乎三種情況：1、動(dòng)詞+賓語從句如：My sister said_____________.A. if she would go thereB. that she would go thereC. that she will go there2、介詞+賓語從句如： Good marks depend on_______________.A. that you have tried your bestB. if you have tried your bestC. whether you have tried your best3、動(dòng)詞+人（間接賓語）+賓語從句（直接賓語）英語中 有些動(dòng)詞是可以接兩個(gè)賓語的，叫做雙賓語，例如：give sb sth, show sb sth, tell sb sth, ask sb sth等等，前面的sb(某人）叫做間接賓語，sth(某事、某物）叫做直接賓語，如果直接賓語是個(gè)句子，也是賓語從句。見上面2019哈爾濱市中考題——Excuse me, could you tell me__________?好，賓語從句找到了，接下來呢？4、表示感情的形容詞（happy、afraid、glad、 surprised、 excited、sad等等）+賓語從句目前把此也歸結(jié)到賓語從句考點(diǎn)中來，考的很少，在作文中學(xué)生常常用到此句型I am happythat you will come here to see me.小結(jié)：以上四種情況下均為考查賓語從句二、我們要明確賓語從句考點(diǎn)到底要考什么，無非以下三點(diǎn)：如何正確的表達(dá)賓語從句、否定轉(zhuǎn)移、 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換如何正確的表達(dá)賓語從句，也是我們的高頻考點(diǎn)，常常在單項(xiàng)選擇中出現(xiàn)，偶爾會(huì)在完型填空中出現(xiàn)，這就是我們要說的三步！第一步:確定正確的語序賓語從句連接詞為if/whether和疑問詞時(shí)要求用陳述語序。那么如何判斷賓語從句是不是陳述詞序呢？陳述語序的賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)有兩種可能：1）連接詞+主語（人或物）+謂語（動(dòng)詞）+其他成分以2019哈爾濱中考題為例A. how can Iget to the radio stationB. how I canget to the radio stationhow 是連接詞，I 是主語，所有的動(dòng)詞（包括情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）都要在它的后面才叫陳述語序。答案A是陳述語序。再來看一個(gè)例子：Can you tell me who (m) do we have to see？who是連接詞，we 是主語，do 是助動(dòng)詞，出現(xiàn)在了we的前面，如果我們不考慮是否該用do的問題，那么這種情況很明顯就不是陳述語序。do 是構(gòu)成疑問問加入的助動(dòng)詞，在構(gòu)成賓語從句時(shí)不應(yīng)該再出現(xiàn)，正確的應(yīng)該是：Can you tell me who (m) we have to see？2）連接詞+謂語（動(dòng)詞）+其他成分與第一條對比可知，連接詞后無主語了，是因?yàn)椤耙蓡栐~”做連接詞并且做主語如：What is wrong?What is the matter?What's the trouble?Which is the way to ...?What is happening?What is going on?Who is on duty?Who broke the window?以上這些情況就是陳述語序,要牢牢記住。如： Could you tell me which is the way to the shop? 不能說成Could you tell me which the way to the shop?第二步：選擇正確的時(shí)態(tài)主句的時(shí)態(tài)由從句決定遵循原則：主過從過，主現(xiàn)主將從任意主過從過：這是高頻考點(diǎn)，主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句用與過去相關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)）如：1、錯(cuò)誤： I thought (that) you are right.正確: I thought (that) you were right.主句thought是一般過去時(shí)，從句不能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)特例：1、從句是定理法則、客觀事實(shí)真理時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不受主句限制，始終用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。She told me there aresixty minutes in an hour.2、 could、would 在主句中出現(xiàn)時(shí)表達(dá)的是委婉語氣，按一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)處理，不要按照一般過去時(shí)處理Couldyou tell me who is in the classroom now? 主現(xiàn)從任意主現(xiàn)主將從任意：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，在從句按邏輯關(guān)系該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)，可不是想用什么就用什么哦其中?？嫉氖侵骶涫且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況。第三步：結(jié)合語義，選好連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞叫連接詞，也叫關(guān)聯(lián)詞。賓語從句有以下連接詞：1、連詞 that:1）無詞義，不做賓語從句成分；2）一般可以省略。如：He knew (that) he should work hard.I am glad (that) you’ve passed the exam.以下情況that 不可以省略，簡單了解一下，很少做為考點(diǎn)。a. 賓語從句主語是that時(shí);He says that thatis useful book.b. 含有主從復(fù)合句時(shí);I'm afraid thatif you've lost it, you must pay for it.c. 有兩個(gè)或更多個(gè)賓語從句時(shí)，除第一個(gè)that 可省外，其余都不可省。He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.2、連詞if和whether1）漢語意思：是否，不做賓語從句成分；2）不可以省略。如：Could you tell me whether/if he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？He asked me if/whether Miss Gao was a teacher.以下情況只能用whether：1）介詞之后如：Good marks depend onwhether you have tried your best.2）后面有or not如：He asked me whether I would go there by bike or not.3）后面是to do (單純?yōu)槎邊^(qū)別，不在賓語從句考點(diǎn)中）如：He didn't decide whether to go.3、疑問詞做連接詞：共9個(gè)，8個(gè)wh+howwho whom whose which what why when where how1）具有不同的漢語意思，做賓語從句成分；2）不可以省略。如：Can you tell me whom/whohe is waiting for?注意相同詞義的who和whom區(qū)別：whom做賓語who可做主語，也可以做賓語其他根據(jù)漢語意思使用即可，不一一列舉?？荚圏c(diǎn)撥：連接詞的選擇主要根據(jù)漢語意思，再注意相同漢語意思的whether和if、who和whom區(qū)別即可小結(jié)：判斷是否為正確的賓語從句其實(shí)就是七個(gè)字：語序、時(shí)態(tài)、連接詞講了這么多，咱們就著哈爾濱市2019年中考試題看一下解題思路的三步12. ——Excuse me, could you tell me __________?——Certainly. Go along the street and you will find it on the right.A. how can I get to the radio stationB. how I can get to the radio stationC. why I can get to the radio station解題思路如下：語序：A 排除，can 在 I 前面，不是陳述語序時(shí)態(tài)：三個(gè)答案中can是相同的，此項(xiàng)不用考慮連接詞：回答是指路，答案C排除得到正確答案B你明白了嗎？下面說一下兩轉(zhuǎn)：那么除了以上考點(diǎn)以外，中考中賓語從句還會(huì)以什么形式對大家進(jìn)行考查呢？這就是“兩轉(zhuǎn)”——否定轉(zhuǎn)移以及同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。大家思考一下這句話用賓語從句如何去表達(dá)：我認(rèn)為明天他不會(huì)去那?？赡苡械膶W(xué)生根據(jù)漢語習(xí)慣馬上就說出來了：I think hewon't go there tomorrow.對不起，這種方法是不正確的。為什么呢？一、 當(dāng)主句的謂語是think, believe, suppose, imagine、guess、consider、expect等時(shí)，否定不用在從句中，要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，這種現(xiàn)象叫做否定轉(zhuǎn)移，或否定前移或否定前置。但是還需要滿足兩個(gè)條件：1、主句的主語是第一人稱；2、主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。那么“我認(rèn)為明天他不會(huì)去那”的正確說法就是：I don't think he will go there tomorrow.再舉幾個(gè)例子，大家再體會(huì)一下。我相信你不會(huì)抄他的作業(yè)的。I don't believe you copied his homework.我期盼他沒有考試不及格。I don't expect that he failed in the exam.不轉(zhuǎn)移的情況也存在，相對比較復(fù)雜，哈爾濱市中考考點(diǎn)中沒有涉及到，此處暫不贅述。這就是第一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)：否定轉(zhuǎn)移。下面我們來看第二個(gè)"轉(zhuǎn)”：二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：哈爾濱市中考中任務(wù)性閱讀題型中有2分的同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，賓語從句可以在此題中進(jìn)行考查。大家看這兩個(gè)句子：1、Ihope that I can spend the summer vacation with you.2、I hope that shecan spend the summer vacation with you.有沒有別的說法呢？聰明的你們一定能發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一句可以說成：I hope to spend the summer vacation with you.那第二句呢？是否也可以象如上那樣說呢？那兩句話的漢語意思就沒有區(qū)分了，實(shí)際上卻是不一樣的。所以第二句是不能變的。這就是我們要講的轉(zhuǎn)換的第一種情況 ，相信大家通過觀察也總結(jié)出來了：（一）、當(dāng)賓語從句與主句的主語相同，主句謂語是hope, wish, agree, choose等后面可以+to do結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)， 賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“to do"。再看個(gè)例子：She agreed that she would go there together.She agreed ______ ________there together.答案很明顯了，to go下面我們看第二種情況:I don't know what I should do with this book.I don't know ______ ______ do with this book.聰明的你一定會(huì)舉一反三，根據(jù)第一種情況得出答案了吧。（二）、當(dāng)賓語從句與主句主語相同，賓語從句的連接詞為疑問詞時(shí)，賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式（to do）”再來看個(gè)例子：She remembered when she should finish her homework.She rememberedwhen to finish her homework.如果同義句轉(zhuǎn)換不是以上兩種情況，你就需要開動(dòng)你的腦筋了，你的靈活性很重要。如：I don't believe what the girl said.I don't believe the _______ _______. （girl's words）這種是沒有什么規(guī)律性的知識(shí)點(diǎn)，就需要大家平時(shí)多積累喲！這就是賓語從句的“兩轉(zhuǎn)”，三步加兩轉(zhuǎn)，賓語從句的全部知識(shí)就在里面了。細(xì)節(jié)決定成敗，這句話在英語學(xué)習(xí)中簡直是至理名言，細(xì)細(xì)地掌握好每個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)是最棒的！
沒腰的麥兜
賓語從句是在從句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句叫做賓語從句，下面就是我給大家?guī)淼闹锌加⒄Z語法專題詳解十二：賓語從句，希望能幫助到大家!
考點(diǎn)聚焦
一、什么是賓語從句
在句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句叫作賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓語。
二、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
1、 that 無實(shí)意，用來引導(dǎo)陳述句的賓語從句，口語中常省略。例如：
She told me that she had been to Hong Kong twice.
她告訴我她去過香港兩次。
I know(that)the visitors are from Australia.我知道這些游客來自澳大利亞。
2、if或whether這兩個(gè)詞是“是否”的意思，主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句或選擇問句的賓語從句，口語中多用if，不能省略。例如：
He asked me if / whether I had been to Beijing twice.
他問我是否去過北京兩次。
She wanted to know whether I would go there or not.
她想知道我是否想去那里。
3、疑問詞when ，where，who，how等，這類詞通常引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的賓語從句。例如：
Can you tell me how I can find Mr Wang?
你能告訴我怎樣才能找到王先生嗎?
Please find out who broke the window.請查一下是誰打爛窗戶的。
三、賓語從句的語序
凡是從句都必須使用“主語在前，謂語在后”的陳述語序，賓語從句也不例外，也就是說賓語從句的語序必須是“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+ 其它 ”。例如：
誤：Could you tell me where is the bus station?
正：Could you tell me where the bus station is?
四、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致
1、 當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)的時(shí)候，從句可以根據(jù)需要選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，不受主句的影響;主句為一般過去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
I want to know what time he ate his breakfast.
我想知道他今天早晨幾點(diǎn)鐘吃早飯的。
They will tell us that they have been able to look after themselves.
他們將會(huì)告訴我們他們已經(jīng)能照顧自己了。
I asked what my father was doing then.
我問那時(shí)我爸爸在干什么?
2、 當(dāng)賓語從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象是，賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)的影響，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
He said the moon moves round the earth.
他說月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)。
She asked whether light travels faster than sound.
她問光速是否比聲速快。
五、賓語從句的簡化
由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的主語與主句的主語或賓語相同時(shí)常常可以將賓語從句簡化成“特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)候由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式或者動(dòng)詞的ing形式來簡化。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the post office?
= Can you tell me how to get to the post office?
She don’t know whether she should go there with them or not.
= She don’t know whether to go there with them or not.
He can remember that he has climbed the tall tree.
= He can remember climbing the tall tree.
六、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移及其它
1、當(dāng)I think/believe/guess等一些看法的詞后面所接的賓語從句是否定句時(shí)，習(xí)慣上否定主句，采用“I don’t think/believe/guess+肯定形式的賓語從句”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。如：
我認(rèn)為明天她不會(huì)來。
誤：I think that she won’t come tomorrow.
正：I don’tthink that she will come tomorrow.
2、 對I think/believe/guess等動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓語從句進(jìn)行劃線部分提問時(shí)，要用“疑問詞+do you think /believe/guess+賓語從句的剩余成分?”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。如：
你認(rèn)為誰將在會(huì)上發(fā)言?
誤：Do you think who will speak at the meeting?
正：Who do you think will speak at the meeting?
未暖rabbit
給你個(gè)鏈接，有詳細(xì)介紹時(shí)態(tài)： 1.主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句可用任意時(shí)態(tài)。 2.主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。 3.主句用過去時(shí)，從句是客觀真理時(shí)，只用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。一、賓語從句的連接詞 從屬連詞 連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether. that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句,而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語從句. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告訴我他明年上大學(xué). I don’t know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 沒人知道他是否會(huì)通過考試. 連接代詞 連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等. 連接代詞一般指疑問,但what, whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 這本書會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解些什么. Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎? 連接副詞 連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等. He didn’t tell me when we should meet again. 他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到.二、動(dòng)詞的賓語從句 大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語從句 We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger. 我們都預(yù)料他們會(huì)贏,因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯. He told us that they would help us though the whole work. 他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中,他都會(huì)幫忙的. 部分“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句 I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會(huì)的所有票都賣光了. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? 你能計(jì)算出這次旅行我們將花費(fèi)多少錢嗎? 動(dòng)詞短語也可以帶賓語從句 常見的這些詞有: make sure確保 make up one’s mind下決心 keep in mind牢記 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in. 在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤. 可運(yùn)用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句 ①動(dòng)詞find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候,則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day . 我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的. I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together. 我沒去聚會(huì),感覺非常遺憾. I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天寫日記成了習(xí)慣. We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater. 我們都認(rèn)為對這件事馬上做出決定很重要. ②有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語從句時(shí)需要在賓語與從句前加it 這類動(dòng)詞主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to. I hate it when they with their mouths full of food. 我討厭他們滿嘴食物時(shí)說話. He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他會(huì)認(rèn)為我們的計(jì)劃確實(shí)可行. We take it that you will agree with us. 我們認(rèn)為你會(huì)同意我們的. When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral. 開啟發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí), 一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置. ③若賓語從句是wh-類,則不可用it代替 We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我們都認(rèn)為你所說的是不可信的. We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)我們所學(xué)到的東西都是有用的.三、介詞的賓語從句 用wh-類的介詞賓語從句 We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部. The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space. 這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的. 用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句 有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無所知.四、形容詞的賓語從句 常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised I am sure I will pass the exam. 我確信我會(huì)通過考試. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我這么長時(shí)間在打擾你. He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill. 他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.五、if,whether在賓語從句中的區(qū)別 ① if和whether在作“是否”解時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動(dòng)詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介詞后一般不用if ② 少數(shù)動(dòng)詞,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether. ③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. ④ 在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。） ⑤ 避免歧異時(shí),我們常用whether而不用if.六、哪些賓語從句不可以省略引導(dǎo)詞that 當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí); 當(dāng)賓語從句較長時(shí); 當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾,賓語從句之前時(shí); 當(dāng)主語謂語動(dòng)詞(包括非謂語動(dòng)詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時(shí); 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上賓語從句時(shí),此時(shí)第一個(gè)that可以省略,第二個(gè)that不可以省略; 當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時(shí); 當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時(shí); 當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動(dòng)詞或主語從句時(shí); 當(dāng)主語中的謂語動(dòng)詞是固定詞組時(shí); 當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時(shí); 在直接引語中,轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時(shí).七、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移賓語從句的反意疑問句主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致. I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he won’t come to my party. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來我的舞會(huì). I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是? 如果賓語從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞,其反義疑問句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課,是不是?八、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)和語序 當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí),賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響. 當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí) ①從句用一般過去時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生 I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in. 我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國家讀書,可不知道是哪個(gè)國家. He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in. 他問我他進(jìn)來的時(shí)候我是否正在讀<<老人與海>>. ②從句過去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之前 He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already. 他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴了Mary. ③從句謂語用過去將來時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作之后 The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 記者問政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂. 如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化 The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday. 老師昨天說月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn). 當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時(shí),不能按正常語序安排,經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首 Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.
二三子鉤
賓語從句，是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語，位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語之后的從句稱為賓語從句。本文整理了賓語從句用法，歡迎閱讀。
一、賓語從句的連接詞：
1、連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。
eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.
2、連詞if 、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口語中多用if。
eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②在介詞前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3、連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, where, why, how， 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】1、由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。
eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents.
2、要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導(dǎo)的從句類型.
二、賓語從句的語序：
賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在從句中的成分)
陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí),要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,語序不變。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” à She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時(shí),也要注意人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are.
三、賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)：
賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時(shí)態(tài)的制約，此為時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)）。
eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)
【注意】當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時(shí)，不管主句謂語的時(shí)態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
四、其他需要說明的問題：
1、標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號；是疑問句則用問號。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall.Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、要注意個(gè)別句子中主從句人稱的一致。
五、賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分：
eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.
句1中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。這個(gè)從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。整個(gè)句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞don’t know的賓語。整個(gè)句子的意思是我不知道火車是否到達(dá)。
判斷方法：
1、可以從整個(gè)句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個(gè)別除外），賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之后。
2、從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether， 詞義為“是否”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義為“如果”。when充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“什么時(shí)候”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。
3、從時(shí)態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件和時(shí)間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句，應(yīng)注意它們在兩種從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”，其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng)；它們引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，意思分別為“如果，假如”和“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”，當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí)時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語從句和賓語從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如：
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow？你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來嗎？
—Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．對不起，不知道。當(dāng)他回來了，我將告訴你。
—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否會(huì)來。
—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他會(huì)來的。
對于賓語從句的考查，多以單選的形式考查學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用的能力。一般情況下，常從引導(dǎo)詞的選擇、時(shí)態(tài)的一致性及從句的陳述語序方面考查。
典型例題：Please tell me ______ last year.
A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C .where your sister works D where your sister worked
解析：本題考查對賓語從句的掌握。賓語從句要用陳述語序，所以排除A和 B;last year 表示過去時(shí) ，所以排除 C 。
答案：D
誤區(qū)提醒
賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序 ，但要注意當(dāng)疑問詞為主語時(shí)，句式為：疑問詞+謂語+其他 ，問句和陳述句語序一樣。
典型例題：I didn't know ?
A. What wrong was with her B.what was wrong with her
C .what wrong is with her D.what is wrong with her
解析：主句是一般過去時(shí)，從句要用相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)，所以排除C和D;在what was wrong with her中，what作主語，所以問句本身又是陳述句語序，不用變化。
答案： B
以上就是我整理的賓語從句用法，感謝閱讀。
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