課后翻譯答案要么 Reading A 1 1.細(xì)胞的?；潭仍礁?，失去有絲分裂能力的可能性越大。神經(jīng)元是體內(nèi)分化程度最高的，一旦神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)育得以完成，它們就失去了分裂和繁殖的能力。 2.在此情況下，體內(nèi)有屬于同一譜系的母細(xì)胞，這些細(xì)胞尚未分化到失去分裂能力的程度。它們已經(jīng)得到充分的分化，因而它們產(chǎn)生的子細(xì)胞限定于同一細(xì)胞體系；但尚未分化到喪失積極增生潛力的程度。 Reading B 1 1.Normally, the rate of cell reproduction and the process of cell differentiation are precisely controlled so that both of these mechanisms cease once the appropriate numbers and type of cell are formed. 2.Cell walls are very thin so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily get through. 3.Many cells, especially those of the central nervous system and the heart, are extremely sensitive to low blood levels of oxygen results in serious damage. 4.The undifferentiated stems cells that can be triggered to enter the cell cycle are different from the cells that continue to divide and reproduce. 5.In the blood there are many red blood cells that serve as vehicles for carrying oxygen. 6.Besides neurons, there are other well-differentiated cells that are unable to divide. Reading A 2 1. 雖然發(fā)炎的影響因其令人不快和造成不適而常被認(rèn)為是不好的，但發(fā)炎過程就其實(shí)質(zhì)而言對人體卻是有利的，它使人能應(yīng)付日常壓力的影響。 2 .小小一塊局部紅腫就足以防止蚊叮產(chǎn)生傷害，而嚴(yán)重的情況 ，如闌尾炎，則可引起發(fā)燒、白細(xì)胞增多，乃至大量體液和蛋白質(zhì)聚集到炎癥部位。 Reading B 2 1.Although all pathogens pose potential threats if they gain entry to the body, the chances of this occuring are actually quite small. 2.Although pain is often not considered an actual body defense mechanism, the role of pain in the body’s response to invasion can not be ignored. 3.Referred pain means that the pain can be present in a given place although the source may be elsewhere. 4.As the process continues, monocytes exit the blood and mature into macrophages in the tissue environment. 5.As body temperature rises, the body is stimulated to produce more white blood cells. 6.As your body produces its own antibodies, you will not have to worry about subsequent exposure to the disease. Reading A 3 1 晶狀體中心渾濁可能隔斷視軸，造成可見到兩個或多個模糊視象的視覺缺損。在進(jìn)行眼底鏡檢查時，白內(nèi)障可表現(xiàn)為肉眼可見的遮住瞳孔的混濁，或者 由眼底紅色背景襯映的混濁。 2 美國眼科學(xué)會已就何時應(yīng)進(jìn)行手術(shù)制定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：即病眼的最佳矯正視覺敏感度在20/50或以下。然而，如果有妨礙正?；顒拥难Ｄ炕驘o法正常工作，或者白內(nèi)障有可能導(dǎo)致其他眼病，如繼發(fā)性青光眼和色素層炎，則最佳矯正視力在20/40甚至更好一些，仍然可能適宜進(jìn)行手術(shù) Reading B 3 1.It has been proved that most congenital cataracts are not progresive and are not dense enough to cause significant visula impairment. 2.it has been reported that overexposure to heat or to ionizing radiation may cause traumatic cataracts. 3.It was thought by some that much use of the eyes for school work may have played a part in causing myopia; but it has been found that people who do not do any reading suffer from the problem to as great a degree. 4.Pressure within th eye may increase, slowly destorying the optic nerve. 5.Blinking your eyes more often at work spreads a tear film over the eyes, keeping them moist. 6.When the ciliary muscle contrats, the ligament relaxes and the lens becomes more nearly spherical, enabling the eye to focus on objects that are nearer to the eye. Reading A 4 1.這種解剖學(xué)分類是互補(bǔ)的但是從屬于病因分類，因?yàn)楸M管大葉性肺炎常常由肺炎鏈球菌引起但除了它也能有許多其它的微生物引起，因此在公布可能感染的因素時作為了唯一一個有限的涵義。 2.為了使特異性抗菌治療直接攻擊它，因此我們應(yīng)該作出每一份合理的努力去確立每一個肺炎病人的可能致病的病原微生物身份，因?yàn)槿绻麤]有這個信息，一些病人用別的方式治療的將不會痊愈。 Reading B 4 1.When the infectious cause is not known it is useful to consider whether the pneumonia is community-acquired or nosocomial. 2.The anatomical classification of pneumonia concers only the extent and distribution of the inflammatory process regardless of whether it is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or by other organisms. 肺炎的解剖學(xué)分類只涉及炎癥過程的程度和分布，而不管她是由肺炎球菌還是由其他細(xì)菌引起。 3.The general public should be better informed about whether the air they breathe is fresh and clean. 公眾應(yīng)當(dāng)更好地了解他們呼吸的空氣是否新鮮和干凈。 4. Recent studies have shown that hospital-acquired infections are far more frequent than was originally thought. 新近的研究表明，由醫(yī)院環(huán)境獲得的感染壁原先認(rèn)為的情況要多得多。 5. Adolescents are apparently more immune to certain respiratory infections than are the elderly members of the community. 青少年顯然比起社區(qū)的老年人對某些呼吸道感染有更多的免疫力。 6. Bronchopneumonia, in which the disease process is scattered here and there throughout the lung, is more common than lobar pneumonia. 疾病過程散見于整個肺部的支氣管炎，比大葉性肺炎更常見。 Reading A 5 1.失去降低PH能力或酸化尿液的人，二價和三價的磷酸鹽結(jié)合鈣形成磷酸鈣結(jié)石會增加。尿酸結(jié)石的形成另一方面會在酸性尿液中增多，結(jié)石的生成可以通過用堿性鉀鹽提高尿液PH到6.0～6.5來減少。 2.高質(zhì)量光學(xué)設(shè)備的發(fā)展，使用它使整個過程可以進(jìn)行的更輕松，也使它的成果提高了。這個過程是在X線透視檢查的引導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的，涉及到多種工具用來擴(kuò)大輸尿管，抓住和移動結(jié)石。 Reading B 5 1. Radilogical studies using a contrast medum are done to determine the position of the stone and direcdt the placement of the ureterosfope. 2. If a certain takes a drug overdose and loses consciousness, physcians can test the urine to identify the drug taken. 3. The cluster of capillaries within bonethe wall the bulb of 4. The speed at which urinary calcium is excreted drops when renal function is impaired. 5. The tract through which a nephroscope is inserted into the renal pelvis needs to be dilated. 6.One great difficulty in the treatemnbt of asthmja is to isolate the particular substance which the patient is allergic.