1.動(dòng)詞(v.)→名詞(n.) (a)詞形不變,詞性改變 例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作動(dòng)詞(工作,學(xué)習(xí),澆水,種植),也可以用作名詞(工作,學(xué)習(xí),水,植物). (b)一些動(dòng)詞在詞尾加上-er或-or之后就變成了表示"某一類人"的名詞 例如:work—worker, teach—teacher, sing—singer, jump—jumper, play—player, learn—learner, visit—visitor, invent—inventor,collect—collector等. 注意:1)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,在詞尾加-r. 例如:drive—driver, write—writer等. 2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-er 例如：run—runner, win—winner,begin—beginner等. (c)在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ment 變成名詞 例如:achieve—achievement (成就) advertise—advertisement//advertising(廣告) agree—agreement disgree—disagreement amuse—amusement (娛樂) improve—improvement(爭吵) commit(奉獻(xiàn))—commitment develop—development (發(fā)展) 例如:argue—argument(爭論) (d)在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-(t)ion/(s)ion變成名詞 例如: attract—attraction; instruct—instruction; invent—invention discuss—discussion; express—expression educate—education; graduate—graduation; operate—operation (去e再加"ion") compete—competition; organize—organization (把e改成其他字母再加"tion") decide—decision conclude—conclusion (把de改為s再加"ion") describe—description描寫,描繪 (這是特例,不規(guī)則變化) (e)在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ance變成名詞 例如: appear—appearance (外貌;出現(xiàn)) perform—performance (演出) accept—acceptance (接受) (f)在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ing變成名詞 (方法與動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞的方法相同) 例如:meet—meeting build—building wait—waiting bathe—bathing say—saying(諺語) mean—meaning 注意:以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ing 如:swim—swimming shop—shopping begin—beginning (g)其他一些比較特殊的變化 例如: Beg(乞討)—beggar(乞丐) behave(行為舉止)—behavior know(知道)—knowledge(知識(shí)) fly—flight (飛行) heat (加熱)—heat(熱量) hit (撞擊)—hit( 轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的人或物,碰撞) mix (混合)—mixture(混合物) press(按,壓)—pressure(壓力) sit(坐)—seat (座位) succeed—success(成功) tour—tour(旅游)/ tourist (游客)2.動(dòng)詞(v.)→形容詞(adj.) (a)動(dòng)詞后面加able,以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞則去e加able,表示具有此性質(zhì),特點(diǎn)或?qū)傩? 例如: afford－affordable；love－lovable (b)動(dòng)詞后面加ed,以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞則直接加d,表示被動(dòng)性的屬性或特點(diǎn). 例如: scatter－scattered use－used (c)不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞則必須記憶,記住其過去分詞形式.規(guī)律不大,意義同(b). 3.名詞(n.)→形容詞(adj.) (a)在名詞后面加-y可以變成形容詞(尤其是一些與天氣有關(guān)的名詞) 例如: rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy, wind—windy, snow—snowy, health—healthy, luck—lucky,anger—angry guilt—guilty(內(nèi)疚的) tourist—touristy(游客多的) , salt (鹽)—salty (咸的) silk(絲綢)—silky(絲綢般的), sleep—sleepy (昏昏欲睡的) 注意:1)如果以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,這時(shí)應(yīng)雙寫輔音字母再加"-y". 如: sun—sunny, fun—funny, fog—foggy(有霧的), fur—furry(毛皮的) 2)少數(shù)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)樾稳菰~時(shí),應(yīng)去掉e再加"-y". 如: noise—noisy, ice—icy, shine—shiny(發(fā)亮的), taste(口味)—tasty(甜的) (b)名詞后面加-ed,以e結(jié)尾的直接加d. 例如: spot(斑點(diǎn))—spotted(有斑點(diǎn)的); talent—talented (有天賦的) organize—organized 有組織的; balance—balanced(平衡的) (c)一些抽象名詞在詞尾加-ful可以變?yōu)樾稳菰~ 例如:care—careful, thank—thankful, help—helpful, use—useful, meaning—meaningful (d)在名詞后加-less構(gòu)成含有否定意義的形容詞 例如:care—careless(粗心的), use—useless(無用的) hope—hopeless(沒希望的)，home—homeless(無家可歸的) (e)一些以-ce結(jié)尾的名詞,把-ce改為-t變成形容詞 例如: difference—different, silence—silent, confidence—confident (f).在名詞后加-ly變?yōu)樾稳菰~ 例如: friend—friendly, love—lovely, live---lively (g).在名詞后加-ous變?yōu)樾稳菰~ 例如: danger—dangerous (h)名詞后面加-al變?yōu)樾稳菰~ 例如: music—musical; medicine—medical (這個(gè)比較特殊) (i)名詞后面加-able變?yōu)樾稳菰~,如果以e結(jié)尾就去e再加"-able". 例如: adjust—adjustable 可調(diào)整的 value—valuable有價(jià)值的 (j)名詞后面加-en變成形容詞 例如: wood—wooden 木制的 wool—woolen 羊毛的 (k)一些表示國家的名詞可以在詞尾加-ese, -ish或-n構(gòu)成表示國籍,語言的形容詞 例如:China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian (注意Canada—Canadian) (k)一些表示國家的名詞可以在詞尾加-ese, -ish或-n構(gòu)成表示國籍,語言的形容詞 例如:China—Chinese, Japan—Japanese, England—English, America—American, India—Indian, Australia —Australian (注意Canada—Canadian) 4..形容詞(adj.)→副詞(adv.) ▲一般在形容詞的詞尾加-ly可以變成副詞 例如: quick—quickly, slow—slowly, loud—loudly, sudden—suddenly 等 但是,以下幾點(diǎn)值得注意： (a) 一些以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的形容詞,要把y改為i再加-ly 例如: happy—happily, angry—angrily, lucky—luckily, heavy—heavily, noisy—noisily (b) 有些以-ble或-le結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e加-y 例如:possible—possibly, terrible—terribly (c)少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞,要去掉e再加-ly 例如: true—truly 但絕大多數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞仍然直接加-ly 例如: polite—politely (d)以-l結(jié)尾的形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~時(shí)要在詞尾加-ly,以-ll結(jié)尾的才在詞尾只加-y. 例如: usual—usually, careful—carefully, useful—usefully full—fully (以-ll結(jié)尾的才只加y)