夢(mèng)中天空
知識(shí)的寬度、厚度和精度決定人的成熟度。每一個(gè)人比別人成功,只不過(guò)是多學(xué)了一點(diǎn)知識(shí),多用了一點(diǎn)心而已。下面我給大家分享一些人教版高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!
人教版高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)1
可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)
可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個(gè)人或一件事物時(shí),用單數(shù)形式;指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
使用可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時(shí),一定要注意加不定冠詞a/an。
(復(fù)數(shù)變化記憶口訣)
單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),規(guī)則要記住;
特殊有幾處,高考常常考。
名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下:
1一般的名詞詞尾加 -s
如:book → books
room → rooms
house → houses
day → days
2以 s,ss,ch,sh,x 結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加 -es
如:bus → buses
glass → glasses
watch → watches
dish → dishes
box → boxes
3以"輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的名詞,要先將 y 改為 i 再加 -es
如:city → cities
body → bodies
factory → factories
4以 f/fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,要將 f/fe 改為 v 再加-es
如:half → halves
leaf → leaves
knife → knives
wife → wives
5特例 [悄悄話:特例常???,規(guī)律要記住]
1. man → men
woman → women
policeman → policemen
(規(guī)律:man → men)
2. tomato → tomatoes
potato → potatoes
[規(guī)律:有生命的加-es,無(wú)生命的加-s ]
3. foot → feet
tooth → teeth
[規(guī)律:oo變成ee]
4. sheep,Chinese,Japanese 單、復(fù)數(shù)同形。
[規(guī)律:?jiǎn)螐?fù)同形:變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)詞形不可變]
5. people 表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,要求謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);people加上-s以后,peoples通常指“多個(gè)民族”。
[規(guī)律:集體名詞只做復(fù)數(shù):people很特殊,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)]
人教版高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)2
介詞的5種用法
英語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用介詞來(lái)表示詞與詞之間的關(guān)系
1. 時(shí)間
1)at表示在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn): at 3 o’clock
2)in表示在某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)的某一或某些點(diǎn):in 2004
in表示在某段時(shí)間的結(jié)束點(diǎn):I’ll see you again in a week.
3) during表示某一時(shí)間段內(nèi)自始至終:during the first period
4) on表示在某一day/date或其中的某一段:on Monday, on Sunday morning
5) by表示不遲于某個(gè)時(shí)間:by now
2. 地點(diǎn)
1)at表示在某處(而非它處):at school
2) in表示在內(nèi)部或某個(gè)范圍內(nèi):in the office
3) on表示在上面與某平面接觸:on the table
4) outside表示在某個(gè)范圍之外:outside world
5) under表示在比某個(gè)位置低的地方或在某表面之下:under a chair
6) by表示靠近或接近:by the window
3. 原因
1)because of表示因?yàn)榛蛞浴瓰槔碛桑篵ecause of my father
2) for表示動(dòng)作或活動(dòng)的目的、目標(biāo)或意圖:for sale
3) out of表示起源、來(lái)源或原因:out of duty
4. 方式
1)with表示以…方式:with skill
2)in表示以某種方式:in French, in cash, in this way
5. 方法
1) by表示方法、手段: by the back road, by bus, by working hard
2) on表示運(yùn)送方式:on a train, on foot
3) in表示途徑或材料:in oils
人教版高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)3
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
一、can和could
1、can的用法
(1)表示體力和腦力方面的能力。
(2)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行主觀的猜測(cè),主要用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。
(3)表示可能性,理論上的可能性,意為“有時(shí)候可能會(huì)”,可用于肯定句。
(4)表示允許,意思與may接近。
(5)表示說(shuō)話人的推測(cè)、懷疑、驚異、猜測(cè)或不肯定等,主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。
(6)can的特殊句型
cannot…too / enough表示“無(wú)論怎么。。。也不過(guò)分”?!霸健?。。越好”。
cannot but+ do sth.表示“不得不,只好”。
2、could的用法
(1)表示能力,指的是過(guò)去時(shí)間。
(2)表示允許,指的是過(guò)去時(shí)間。
(3)表示可能,可以指過(guò)去時(shí)間,也可以指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,表示語(yǔ)氣緩和。
(4)委婉客氣地提出問(wèn)題或陳述看法,指的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。主要用于疑問(wèn)句,回答時(shí)用can。
3、can與could的區(qū)別
can表推測(cè)時(shí)只用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句(could無(wú)此限制)。couldn’t的可能性比can’t小。
4、can與be able to的區(qū)別
(1)現(xiàn)在時(shí):無(wú)區(qū)別,但后者不常用。
(2)完成時(shí);can沒(méi)有完成時(shí),此時(shí)要用have(has,had)been able to。
(3)將來(lái)時(shí):can沒(méi)有將來(lái)時(shí),要用will be able to。
(4)過(guò)去時(shí):could表示一般能力,was/were able to 表示在具體場(chǎng)合通過(guò)努力成功做成某事的能力。
二、may 和might
1、may的用法
(1)表示詢問(wèn)或說(shuō)明一件事可不可以做。
(2)表示一件事或許會(huì)發(fā)生或某種情況可能會(huì)存在,通常用在肯定句和否定句中。
注意:表示可能性時(shí),can’t語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng),表示“不可能”,may not語(yǔ)氣弱,表示“可能不”。
2、might的用法
(1)表示詢問(wèn)或允許,指的是過(guò)去時(shí)間。
(2)表示可能發(fā)生的事,可以指過(guò)去時(shí)間,也可以指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,語(yǔ)氣更加不肯定,可能性比may小一些。
3、may與might的特殊用法
(1)“may+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿。
(2)“may/ might well+動(dòng)詞原形”表示(完全)能,很可能。
(3)“may/ might as well+動(dòng)詞原形”表示最好,滿可以,倒不如。
(4)may be 是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+系動(dòng)詞be”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“可能有,可能在”,否定式為may not be。
maybe是一個(gè)詞,為副詞,意為“大概,或許,可能”,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。
三、must的用法
1、表示“必須”,多強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的主觀看法。
2、must和have to 的區(qū)別:
(1)must表示說(shuō)話人的義務(wù)或說(shuō)話人主觀認(rèn)為“必須,應(yīng)當(dāng)”做某事;have to表示由于某種外界原因而“必須,不得不”做某事。即must側(cè)重說(shuō)明主觀看法,have to強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。
(2)must只有一種形式,可用于現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)時(shí),但have to有不同的形式,可用于不同的時(shí)態(tài)。
(3)在否定句中,don’t need to, don’t have to, needn’t表示沒(méi)有義務(wù);mustn’t表示禁止。
3、must的否定形式must not/ mustn’t 意為“不許,禁止”,表示絕對(duì)禁止。若表示“沒(méi)必要,不必”,應(yīng)使用needn’t或don’t have to。
注意:對(duì)must作否定回答時(shí),不用mustn’t,用needn’t或don’t have to。
4、must 表示“偏偏”,指令人不快的事情。
5、must用來(lái)表示推測(cè),意為i“準(zhǔn)是,肯定是”,一般用于肯定句,肯定程度比may,might大的多。
四、need的用法
1、need用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后面接動(dòng)詞原形,通常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。
2、回答need時(shí),肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。
3、need用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,后面加to do。
4、need to do和need doing
need to do中不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是主句的主語(yǔ);need doing是主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,即need前的主語(yǔ)就是need后面的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。
注意:want和require作“需要”講時(shí),和need的用法相同。
5、needn’t have done與didn’t need to do
needn’t have done表示過(guò)去本不必做但實(shí)際上卻做了某事
didn’t need to do表示過(guò)去不必做而實(shí)際上也沒(méi)做某事
五、dare的用法
1、dare用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,后面接動(dòng)詞原形,通常用在否定句和疑問(wèn)句和條件句中;它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有過(guò)去式(dared)。
2、dare用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化,后面加to do。
注意:(1)I dare say意為“我認(rèn)為,我相信,很可能”。
(2)dare用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示“敢冒(危險(xiǎn)),不俱”。
(3)dare可用于激將或挑戰(zhàn)。例:He dared me to jump down.
六、will和would
1、will的用法
(1)可以表示主觀意志、意愿,可用于各種人稱。
(2)可以表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性、傾向性等,意為“經(jīng)常,慣于,總是”。
(3)表示命令(說(shuō)話這確信命令一定會(huì)得到執(zhí)行)或允諾。
(4)will可用于祈使句的附加疑問(wèn)句。
(5)用于疑問(wèn)句,表“邀請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求”,常與第二人稱you連用。
2、would的用法
(1)作為will的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),用于過(guò)去時(shí)中,表示主觀愿望或意志,意為“愿意,執(zhí)意”。
(2)用與第二人稱,表示謙恭的請(qǐng)求或征求意見,比will更為客氣。
(3)表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣,后接動(dòng)詞原形,意為“總是,總會(huì)”。
(4)would表意愿用于詞組中。
Would like “喜歡,想要”(=would love)
Would rather “寧愿”。
七、shall和should
1、shall的用法
(1)shall用于第一、三人稱陳述句中,表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。
(2)shall用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中,表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。
(3)用于所有人稱,表示規(guī)章、法令、預(yù)言等,可譯為“必須”。
2、should的用法
(1)表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任或勸告、建議、命令等,意為“應(yīng)該”。
(2)表示有一定根據(jù)的推測(cè)、推論或可能性,意為“可能,該”(肯定的語(yǔ)氣沒(méi)有must表推測(cè)時(shí)強(qiáng))。
(3)多用于疑問(wèn)句中,表示驚訝、難以相信或不應(yīng)該的事。
(4)ought to和should的比較
A、ought to也可以表示推論、可能性,和should用法一樣。
B、在省略回答中,ought to中的to可以省略。
C、should和ought to表示做正確的事情或理應(yīng)做的事情。
be supposed to 意為“被期望,應(yīng)該”,表示被期望發(fā)生或根據(jù)安排、要求做某事,或認(rèn)為做某事是正常的。
八、had better 意為“最好”,’d better 為其縮寫形式,其后續(xù)跟動(dòng)詞原形。
注意:had better 的否定形式had better not .
九、used to “過(guò)去常常”,僅用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中,通常用于所有人稱。
1、used to +動(dòng)詞原形,表示過(guò)去(有規(guī)律的)習(xí)慣或過(guò)去某一時(shí)期的的狀況,但現(xiàn)在已不存在。
2、其反意疑問(wèn)句簡(jiǎn)略回答中,也有兩種形式:didn’t ,use(d)n’t
3、used to 和would的區(qū)別
(1)used to 可表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),而would僅表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性或重復(fù)性的動(dòng)作。
(2)used to 強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的行為同現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比,含有“過(guò)去如此,現(xiàn)在已不再這樣了”之意。Would僅表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,沒(méi)有預(yù)先在對(duì)比的含義。
(3)used to不能跟表確定時(shí)間短的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
(4)used to 可用于無(wú)人稱句和存在句,而would則不可。
4、used to與be used to do和be used to doing
(1)used to表示“過(guò)去常常”隱含現(xiàn)在不這樣了,其中to是不定式符號(hào),后跟動(dòng)詞原形,僅用于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
(2)be/get/become used to 表示“習(xí)慣于”時(shí),意為“變得習(xí)慣于“或“開始習(xí)慣于”。
(3)be used to do表示“被用來(lái)”。
十、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的某些動(dòng)詞形式
1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done
(1)“must+have+done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè),譯成“一定做過(guò)某事”,該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。
(2)“can t+have+done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的否定推測(cè),譯成“不可能做過(guò)某事”。
(3)“can+have+done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑,用于疑問(wèn)句,譯成“可能做過(guò)……嗎?”
(4)“could+have+done”是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè),意思是本來(lái)能夠做某事而沒(méi)有做。
(5)“may+have+done”表示對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè),意思是“可能已經(jīng)”或“也許已經(jīng)”,用于肯定句中。
(6)“might+have+done”表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè),might與may意思相同,多用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中;還可以表示“本來(lái)可能……”。
(7)“would+have+done”虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè),意思是“本來(lái)會(huì)做”。
(8)“should+have+done”意思是“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際沒(méi)做?!?“shouldn t + have+done”表示本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含意。
(9)“ought to+have+done”表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒(méi)有做,譯成“理應(yīng)做……”,往往表示遺憾。與“should+have+done”用法基本一樣。
(10)“need+have+done”表示本來(lái)需要做某事而沒(méi)有做?!皀eedn t+have+done”則表示“本來(lái)不需要做某事而做了”。
2、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be doing:表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在正在做的事情的推測(cè)。
十一、含有某些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問(wèn)句
1、must
當(dāng)must表示命令時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句用needn’t。
當(dāng)must表示推測(cè)時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句與實(shí)際情況保持一致,即與把must刪掉后的陳述句的反意疑問(wèn)句保持一致。
2、can’t
當(dāng)can’t表示沒(méi)能力做某事時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句用can sb.?
當(dāng)can’t用于表推測(cè)時(shí),反意疑問(wèn)句由實(shí)際情況決定,即由去掉can’t后的真實(shí)陳述句決定。
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★ 高二英語(yǔ)必修5知識(shí)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法總結(jié)
★ 高一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
κiξs飛揚(yáng)
在我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的日常生活中,我們應(yīng)該多做試題卷,從而鍛煉我們的做題能力,這樣子才能夠使我們的學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)有所提升!下面是我分享的人教版高三英語(yǔ)必修6 Unit 5測(cè)試試卷以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。
1.Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ________ like
coal,gas and oil.
A.fuels B.articles C.goods D.products
2.It was a bad year for films,in terms of both ________ and quality.
A.tendency B.presentation C.quantity D.existence
3.Larger babies ________ to score higher on IQ tests when they
grow up.
A.advocate B.appeal C.tend D.attempt
4.Some people are ________ to the decision while others are in
favour of it.
A.addicted B.contributed C.attached D.opposed
5.I’m not making excuses;I’m simply ________ a fact.
A.stating B.adopting C.pressing D.handling
6.The speech will deal with a broad ________ of issues affecting
professional women.
A.graph B.range C.data D.Branch
7.The ________ family income of the U.S.increased from 20,000
dollars per year in 1992 to 25,000 in 2002.
A.casual B.average C.random D.steady
8.Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came
into ________.
A.growth B.survival C.abortion D.existence
9.At no time and under no ________ will China be the first to use
nuclear weapons.
A.phenomena B.coincidences
C.commitments D.circumstances
10.He was given an expensive car as a reward for his ________ to
the company’s success.
A.presentation B.civilization C.contribution D.reputation
11. Features such as height, weight, and skin color ______ from individual to individual and from face to face.
A. change B. vary
C. alter D. turn
12. My father warned me ______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.
A. by B. on
C. for D. against
13. Dina, ______ for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling B. struggled
C. having struggled D. to struggle
14. The charge from 5 yuan to 10 yuan.
A. Changes B. varies C. differ D. range
15. Working hard is not only a of great success, but is among the essential requirements.
A.Sign B. signal C. guarantee D. Supposition
16. Be careful with fire, or it will the whole building.
A. burn down B. burn for
C. burn up D. burn in
17. The boys were about to go out to play football suddenly it began to rain.
A.When B. as C. while D. Then
18. The robber was brought to the judge, .
A. with his hands were fast tied
B. his hands to be fast tied
C. his hands fast tied
D. his hand having been fast tied
19. When the boy came to himself, he found himself by his teacher and classmates, which made him quite moved.
A. Surrounding B. surround
C. Surrounded D. surrounds
20. Her shoes________her dress;they look very well together.
A.suit B.fit
C.Compare D.match
21. —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
—That________me fine.
A.fits B.meets
C.satisfies D.suits
22. We had an anxious couple of weeks ________for the results of the experiment.
A.wait B.to be waiting
C.Waited D.waiting
23. —Mom,where did Cathy go?
—She ________her way towards the centre of the town.
A.gotB.did
C.decided D.made
24. A great man shows his greatness________the way he treats little men.
A.under B.with
C.on D.by
25. —I think he is taking an active part in social work.
—I agree with you________.
A.in a way B.on the way
C.by the way D.in the way
Part two :完形填空
A young man, a student in one of our universities, was one day taking a walk with a professor, who was commonly called the students’ friend, for his kindness to those who waited on his instructions.
As they went along, they saw 26 in the path a pair of old shoes, which they supposed to belong to a poor man who was employed in a field close by, and who had 27 finished his day’s work.
The student 28 the professor, saying, “Let’s play the man a(n) 29 : we will hide his shoes, and we stay behind those bushes, and wait to see his 30 when he cannot find them.”
“My young friend,” answered the professor, “we should never 31 ourselves at the expense of the poor.You are 32 , and may give yourself a much greater pleasure by means of helping the poor man.Put a 33 into each shoe, and then we will hide ourselves and watch how the 34 affects him.”
The student did so, 35 they both placed themselves behind the bushes close by.
The poor man soon finished his work, and came 36 the field to the path where he had left his coat and shoes.While 37 his coat he slipped his foot into one of his shoes; but feeling something 38 , he bent down to feel what it was, and found the coin.
Astonishment and wonder were seen upon his face.He gazed upon the coin, turned it round, and looked at it again and again.He then looked around 39 on all sides, but no person was to be seen.He now put the money into his pocket, and went on to put on the other shoe; but his surprise was 40 on finding the other coin.
His feelings 41 him; he fell upon his 42 , looked up to heaven and let out a sincere thanksgiving, in which he spoke of his wife, sick and 43 , and his children without bread, whom the timely giving, from some unknown hand, would save from dying.
The student stood there deeply affected, his eyes filled with tears.“Now,” said the professor,
“Are you not much better pleased than if you had played your 44 trick?” The youth replied, “You have taught me a lesson which I will never forget.I feel now the 45 of those words, which I never understood before: ‘It is more blessed to give than to receive.’”
26.A.hanging B.lying C.sitting D.hiding
27.A.nearly B.seemingly C.closely D.equally
28.A.looked back B.referred to C.turned to D.puzzled over
29.A.fun B.amusement C.entertainment D.trick
30.A.opinion B.confusion C.emotion D.enthusiasm
31.A.treat B.dedicate C.amuse D.occupy
32.A.healthy B.kind C.mean D.rich
33.A.coin B.penny C.dollar D.pound
34.A.pleasure B.discovery C.tiredness D.possibility
35.A.and B.but C.thus D.therefore
36.A.around B.across C.into D.toward
37.A.taking on B.looking on C.putting on D.hanging on
38.A.hard B.tight C.soft D.loose
39.A.that B.it C.themselves D.himself
40.A.folded B.accelerated C.doubled D.improved
41.A.mastered B.beat C.betrayed D.overcame
42.A.hands B.knees C.feet D.legs
43.A.beautiful B.merciless C.hopeful D.helpless
44.A.intended B.required C.wanted D.interested
45.A.faith B.fact C.truth D.reliability
優(yōu)質(zhì)英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)問(wèn)答知識(shí)庫(kù)