一. 內(nèi)容： 動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)專項練習 二. 重難點講解： 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) 在接下來的時間里將給大家介紹一下動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 到目前為止大家應該知道，動詞共有16種時態(tài)和兩種語態(tài)。 在時態(tài)方面，考題中主要涉及到其中的10種：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去將來時、過去進行時、過去完成時、將來進行時、將來完成時、現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：通常有六種用法，其中最重要的考點是：在時間或條件狀語從句中表示將來的動作；安排或計劃好的將來發(fā)生的動作。 如：1>. The train for Shanghai leaves at 11a.m and arrives at 11p.m. 2>. As soon as the manager comes back, I will tell him about it. 2. 一般過去時： 關于該時態(tài)最主要請大家掌握它的概念：一個開始于過去結束于過去的動作，或存在的狀態(tài)。記住這一點很重要，需要與現(xiàn)在完成時區(qū)分。 如：The other day she ran across an old friend in the street. 3. 一般將來時： 除了用will + 動詞原形表示該時態(tài)外，還有： 1> Be going to do sth： She is going to go abroad next year. 2> Be about to do sth： Please fasten your safety belt, for the plane is about to take off. 3> Be to do sth： There is to be a class meeting this afternoon. 4. 現(xiàn)在進行時： 除了眾所周知的表正在進行動作外，還有如下特殊用法： 預計一個將要發(fā)生的動作；常與某些副詞連用，表示某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、驚訝或不滿。 如：1> How many of you are going to the party tonight. 2> The teacher is always criticizing us. 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時：這應該是五個基本時態(tài)中最令大家迷惑的一個。該時態(tài)分為已完成和未完成兩種。常見的標志性的詞有：since, for, already, so far, up to now, in the last few years, in the past three months etc. 如：1> He has lived here since he got married. 2> In the past two decades, research has expanded our knowledge about sleep and dreams. 3> In the last ten years great changes have taken place in China. 6. 過去將來時：只有一個考點：用于主句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài)的間接引語中，遵循時態(tài)呼應原則。 如：she said she would pay us a visit when she had enough time. 7. 過去進行時：表示在過去的某個時刻發(fā)生的動作或某段時間內(nèi)一直進行的動作。 如：1> At nine o’clock last night, I was counting the stars in the sky. 2> When the girl came in, the two dogs were fighting for a bone. 3> While I was preparing for the exam, the power was cut off. 8. 過去完成時：別名“過去的過去?！笨碱}中對該時態(tài)的使用有要求，只有當句中有一個動作是過去時，才有可能用過去完成。 如：1> The film had almost finished when I got to the cinema. 2> By the time he was ten, he had built himself a chemistry lab. 9. 將來完成時：該時態(tài)只有一個考點，請大家注意與過去完成的區(qū)別： 如：By the time he is ten, he will have built himself a chemistry lab. 10. 現(xiàn)在完成進行時：表示現(xiàn)在以前一直發(fā)生的動作，強調動作在進行過程中的不間斷，常有背景句作為鋪墊。 如：—You are all wet! —Yes, I have been playing basketball all the morning. 語態(tài)：主要考察被動語態(tài)的用法。基本公式：主語 + be + 動詞的過去分詞。 還有一個要點大家需記?。褐挥屑拔飫釉~才有被動語態(tài)。 除了大家熟悉的基本用法外，被動語態(tài)還有一些特殊用法，比如用主動的形式表達被動的概念，顧名思義，看起來是主動，實則為被動。 下面，我們將英文中常見的主動形式表被動含義的情況總結一下： 1> 動詞read, sell, last, wash, write, lock等帶狀語,如well, easily時. e.g.① This kind of cloth washes easily.（這種布好洗） ② The meeting lasted three hours.（會議持續(xù)了三個小時） ③ My new pen writes well. （我的新鋼筆好寫） 2> 感官動詞feel, look, smell, sound, taste, prove等與形容詞連用時. e.g. ①You look very well today. ② Your bedroom smelt so terrible. ③ My words proved right. 3> begin, end, stop, open, close等表示開，關，結束的含義時，及break out, take place, happen等動詞表示爆發(fā)，發(fā)生概念時。 e.g. ① The library opens at ten. ② Class begins at half past eight. ③ An earthquake took place in Tang Shan in 1976. 4> 某些做表語的形容詞后，用不定式的主動形式。 e.g. ① The question is easy to answer. ② His clothes are hard to wash. ③ The fish is not fit to eat. ④ He has an important meeting to attend. 【典型例題】 1. I can guess you were in a hurry. You your sweater inside out. A. had worn B. wore C. were wearing D. are wearing 2. — We that you would fix the TV set this week. — I’m sorry. I to, but I’ve been too busy. A. had expected； had intended B. are expecting； had intended C. expect； intend D. expected； intend 3. He will stop showing off, if no notice of him. A. is taken B. will be taken C. takes D. has taken 4. — It is said that another new car factory now. — Yeah. It one and a half years. A. is building；takes B. is being built；will take C. is built；will take D. is being built；takes 5. — I’m sorry, but I shouldn’t have been so rude to you. — You your temper but that’s OK. A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing 6. — Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty! — Mum, I my storeroom downstairs。 A. cleaned B. have worked C. was cleaning D. have been cleaning 7. They won’t buy new clothes because they money to buy a color TV set. A. save B. are saving C. has saved D. were saving 8. Good heavens! There you are! We anxious about you, and we you back throughout the night. A. are；expect B. were；had expected C. have been；were expecting D. are；were expecting 9. I’ve finally finished my paper and it me an entire month. A. takes B. took C. was taken D. had taken 10. The traffic in our city is already good and it even better. A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting 11. — Has Jack finished his homework yet? — I have no idea；he it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did 12. — I will come to attend your lecture at 10：00 tomorrow. — I’m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I my guests in my office. A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met 13. — Alice came back home the day before yesterday. — Really ? Where ? A. has she been B. had she been C. has she gone D. had she gone 14. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we each other a couple of times before that. A. had been；have met B. have been；have met C. had been；had met D. have been；had met 15. I ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 16. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I my mum. A. take B. am taking C. have taken D. will have taken 17. — You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? — I’ m sorry I anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you. A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say 18. — Where ? — I got stuck in the heavy traffic. I here earlier. A. did you go； had arrived B. have you been；would have been C. were you；would come D. are you；was 19. I know Mr. Brown；we to each other at an international conference. A. are introduced B. have been introduced C. were introduced D. had been introduced 20. —Where do you think he the computer? — Sorry. I have no idea. A. has ；bought B.／；bought C. did ；buy D. had ；bought 21. — I to a party, but I’ve got nothing to wear. — Why don’t you have a dress made for the party? A. was asked B. will ask C. have asked D. have been asked 22. I didn’t like Aunt Lucy, who without warning and bringing us presents. A. always turned up B. has always turned up C. was always turning up D. was always turned up 23. — What do you think of this kind of TV set, which in Shanghai? — Well, I don’t care such things. A. was made B. is made C. has been made D. had been made 24. — Tom, did Mr. Li join you in your discussion? — No, he , but he happened to have fallen ill. A. would like to B. will C. was to have D. was going to join 25. — Did he notice you enter the room? — I don’t think so. He＿＿to the radio with his eyes shut. A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened 26. The plane at 7：00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6：40 at the latest. A. has left B. is to leave C. will have left D. leaves 27. The train at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine o’clock tonight. A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going 28. Look at this! I some magazines and this letter. A. was looking through；found B. am looking through；find C. looked through；had found D. had looked through；finding 29. — you the editor at the airport? — No, he away before my arrival. A. Have...met； has driven B. Had...met； was driven C. Did...meet； had been driven D. Have...met； had driven 30. — Can you give me the right answer? — Sorry, I .Would you repeat that question? A. hadn’t listened B. haven’t listened C. don’t listen D. wasn’t listening 答案： 1. D。can guess 這一現(xiàn)在猜測是建立在眼前所見情景的基礎上的，故用現(xiàn)在進行時。 2. A。expect, intend, want, wish, hope, plan 等動詞的過去完成式可表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法、愿望、打算等。 3. A。如主句用將來時，在時間、條件和讓步狀語從句中要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。又因if 從句是take notice of...的被動語態(tài)結構，故選A。 4. B。根據(jù)主語與build之間的被動關系和now，可知要選現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)；因工廠正在修建，花費一年半應指將來。 5. C。shouldn’ t have done 表示“過去本不應……”。You did lose your temper 是You lost your temper 的強調形式。 6. D?，F(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去某時到現(xiàn)在一直在進行的動作。 7. B。句意為：他們（現(xiàn)在）不愿買新衣服，因為他們在攢錢買電視。由此可見，攢錢是現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。 8. C。擔心是從過去某時到說話時為止一直在進行的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成時；expect 是在過去某一段時間里（整個晚上）正在進行的動作，故用過去進行時。 9. B。論文已完成，花費一個月時間應指過去；某事花費某人多少時間用sth.takes sb.some time 結構。 10. D。交通現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)好了，在此基礎上正在變得更好。 11. A。題干沒有構成“過去的過去”，不可選B。如選C、D則表示動作已完成，與have no idea相矛盾。過去進行時表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在進行的動作，不涉及結果，正好附合題干語境。 12. C。by then 是指將來的時間狀語，排除A。再由句意可知，meet指的是到了十點鐘時將正在進行的動作。 13. B。問句問的是前天回來之前去了哪兒，故用過去完成時。注意had gone表示人未回來，與第一句相矛盾。 14. D。for＋時間段表示從過去某時延續(xù)至今的動作或狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在完成時；meet發(fā)生在got to know 這一過去動作之前，用過去完成時。 15. D。用一般現(xiàn)在時表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。 16. B。come, go, leave, arrive, take 等動詞常用進行時表砂將來。 17. D。表示過去沒有做某事應用去時。又因句子沒有“過去正在進行”之意，幫排除A。 18. B。問對方“去了哪里”，指的是從過去某時到現(xiàn)在為止的動作，用現(xiàn)在完成時；第二個空格是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣和主句，條件狀語從句If I hadn’ t got stuck in the heavy traffic 被省略。 19. C。在一個國際會議上被介紹顯然發(fā)生在過去。 20. B。此句為復雜特殊疑問句結構，即“疑問詞＋do you think （believe, suppose, expect, imagine, say, consider, guess等）＋其它（陳述語序）?”。 21. D。由but 分句中的現(xiàn)在時和答語所提建議內(nèi)容，可知應選現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。 22. C。always, often, constantly, forever, all the time 等副詞與現(xiàn)在（過去）進行時連用，表示某種反復發(fā)生的動作，往往帶有厭惡、不滿、責備或贊揚等意味。 23. B。這種電視產(chǎn)于上海是客觀事實，故用一般現(xiàn)在時。 24. C。C項是was to have joined us in our discussion 的省略形式。was／were ＋ to have done表示原來計劃、安排要做的事，而實際上并沒有做。 25. B。當時他在聽收音機。 26. D。表示按時刻表或日程安排要發(fā)生的事,應用一般現(xiàn)在時。 27. D。從句用的是一般現(xiàn)在時，故主句要用將來時。將來進行時表示在將來某一時刻或某段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作。 28. A。Look at this!說明東西已找到。緊接著說是怎樣找到的。 29. C。根據(jù)答語，問句中的meet是過去發(fā)生的動作，可排除A、D。但不能選B，因為沒有構成“過去的過去”。答語中用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)表示在我到達（過去動作）之前他已被人用車接走。 30. D。“沒聽”發(fā)生在對方（過去）問問題時，故用過去進行時。 【模擬試題】 31. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I coffee. A. prefer B. preferred C. have preferred D. am preferring 32. — Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer? — No, it for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy. A. was raining B. had been raining C. would be rainingD. rained 33. The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They too long. A. had been cookedB. were cooked C. had cooked D. cooked 34. — Remember the first time we met, Jim? — Of course I do. You in the library. A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read 35. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth well. A. have told； washes B. have been told； washes C. was told； washed D. have been told； is washed 36. — What were you up to when your parents came in? — I for a while and some reading. A. was playing； was going to do B. played； did C. had played； was going to do D. had played； did 37. — Sorry, I forget to post the letter for you. — Never mind, it myself tonight. A. I’m going to post B. I’ve decided to post C. I’ll post D. I’d rather post 38. I should very much like to have gone to that party of theirs, but . A. I’m not invited B. I was not invited C. I have not been invited D. I had not been invited 39. — Is Tom still smoking? — No. By next Saturday he for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette. A. will go B. will have goneC. will have beenD. has been going 40. All but one take part in the conference tomorrow. A. is going to； that is to take place B. are going to； that is about to take place C. are going to； that is to be taken place D. are going to； which is to be held 41. — Are you a visitor here? — That’s right. I round the world and now my dream of coming to China true. A. have traveled； has come B. was traveling； had been come C. am traveling； has come D. have traveled； has been come 42. — Betty this morning? — Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon. A. Have you seen B. Will you see C. Do you see D. Did you see 43. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never him talk so much. A. I heard B. did I hear C. I had heard D. had I heard 44. The children very quiet；I wonder what they up to. A. were； are being B. are being；are C. are；doD. are being；do 45. — Look at the black clouds. It soon. — Sure. If only we out. A. is raining； didn’t come B. is to rain； won’t start C. will rain； haven’t started D. is going to rain； hadn’t come 46. He articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he about forty articles. A. has been writing； has written B. has been writing； wrote C. is writing； has been writing D. has written； has written 47. She to the office than she got down to writing the report. A. has no sooner got B. had hardly got C. no sooner got D. had no sooner got 48. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work. A. was coming B. had come C. comes D. would come 49. In this experiment, they are woken up several times during the night, and asked to report what they . A. had just been dreaming B. are just dreaming C. have just been dreaming D. had just dreamt 50. — What’s the matter? — The shoes don’t fit properly. They my feet. A. are hurting B. will hurt C. have hurt D. are hurt [參考答案] 31. A。此題選A表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。prefer屬表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞，不能用于進時。 32. B。表示在過去某一動作之前一直在進行，并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作，要用過去完成進行時。 33. A。cook發(fā)生在didn’ t taste very good 之前，且與主語之間有被動關系，故用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。 34.A。read 發(fā)生在the first time we met之時, 故用過去進行時。 35. B。動詞wash, lock, sell, wear, write read, open, shut, clean等動詞的主語是物，且又表示主語的特征或狀態(tài)時，要用主動形式表示被動意義。 36. C。play 在came in 之前已完成，而do some reading 的動作則即將開始。 37. C。will／shall ＋v.表示臨時的決定，而be going to 表示已決定或安排要做的事。 38. B。would ／ should like ＋ to have done表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的愿望，故“未受邀請”應用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。 39.B。by 后跟將來的時間狀語時，主句要用將來完成時。go without 意為“在缺……的情況下對付”。 40. D。all but one 主語是all，且all在此指人，故謂語動詞用復數(shù)；take place 屬不及物動詞短語，無被動語態(tài)；be about to后面不能跟具體的時間狀語。 41. C。由對話情景可知，“周游世界”是現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，而“實現(xiàn)”是到說話時為止已完成的動作；come true不能用于被動語態(tài)。 42. A。詢問到說話時為止一段時間內(nèi)某動作是否發(fā)生，要用現(xiàn)在完成時。 43. D。hear 發(fā)生在talked這一過去動作之前；never是含有否定意義的副詞，放在句首時，句子應用倒裝語序。 44. B。be用于進行時可表示一個暫時的特點或表現(xiàn)。What they are up to相當于What they are doing。 45. D。根據(jù)目前跡象判斷將要發(fā)生的動作用be going to；if only 意為“但愿”，其后的句子用虛擬語氣。 46. A。由these three years可知應選現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示“寫”從過去一直延續(xù)至今，并有可能繼續(xù)下去；“寫了40 篇”用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示到現(xiàn)在為止已完成的動作。 47. D。no sooner...than和hardly（scarcely）...when 均表示“一……就……”，且主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。 48. C。賓語從句表示的是客觀事實。 49. C。dream是從過去某時開始一延續(xù)到are woken up...and asked to report...這一現(xiàn)在動作之前的動作，故用現(xiàn)在完成進行時。 50. A。由What’ s the matter 和don’ t fit 可知，hurt是現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。