榜樣的力量
Please read before the operation using the product specification. Improper operation of the product could cause damage and injuries. Repair and maintenance products, please cut off the power. When wiring to ensure proper grounding shell products, or products that may cause serious damage. Contents One. Overview II. The working principle III. Technical parameters IV. Debugging Five. Common fault One. Overview Compressed air system, pneumatic components as the main gas source on board the ship and blowing dust. II. The working principle Compressed air system is mainly composed of air compressors, pipes and valve systems, air handling of the pieces together, and so on, two pieces together, including air filtration relief valve (with automatic drainage device), fuel-air devices. 1. Startup compressed air system must be read before the air, filters, oil mist, etc. components for use. 2. Air compressor access 415V, 50Hz 3-phase AC power; 3. Switches to connect to observe the air compressor is working, not working at the air compressor for use to adjust. 5. Gases from the air (number 1) through ball valve (number 3), hose (number 4), in conjunction of the two pieces into the air (number 5) and then quickly through the joints and the need to provide the gas source . Pneumatic two pieces linked to filter the air conditioning system and the greatest pressure; device can be a small amount of lubricant oil mist into the air components from the role of lubrication. In the pre-oil mist and a quick plug for the dust (so as not to lubricating oil into the air)! 6. Work, first of all shut down in the engine room of the ball. Air start, so that compressed gas cylinders filled with air, air-conditioning in the export pressure 8bar around (can be observed through the export of air pressure gauge to determine, under pressure from the export pipeline system adjustments for the length) , To open the engine room of the ball. When blowing dust, oil mist connected to the device before the fast connection to work. 7. Shutdown when the air compressor, air filter relief valve automatically rule out the presence of glass and debris in the water. III. Technical parameters 1. Flow system: 1.32 cubic meters / minute pressure: 12bar 2. Electrical power: 11Kw, 415V 50HZ 3. Pneumatic two pieces together: QAW4000-04D IV. Debugging Air system installed as a whole, the tightness test should be done. First of all, open air, shut down all air outlets in the gas tank is full, automatic air parking, standing observation numerical pressure gauge, pressure system in a decline in the value of hours of not more than 20 ?. 1. Air compressors: air pressure as the transmission and control of the power source. 2. Filter the air relief valve: with automatic drainage device. With a filter, regulator, automatically rule out the role of the condensate. 3. Mist: fog can be a small amount of lubricating oil into the pneumatic components, play the role of lubrication, so as to enhance the service life of components. Note: Do not free to refuel in-oil mist! Five. Common fault The reasons for the phenomenon of fault response No gas pressure pipeline system, to open the valve is not open Atmospheric pressure less than 1. Air piston ring wear, and other replacement parts 2. Automatic drainage device malfunction to be repaired or replaced 3. Filter relief valve in the filter cleaning or replacement plug 4. Condensed water discharge in a timely manner not in time to open drainage Ball
小骨頭骨頭
管道運(yùn)輸 管道運(yùn)輸 (Pipeline transport) 是用管道作為運(yùn)輸工具的一種長距離輸送液體和氣體物資的運(yùn)輸方式，是一種專門由生產(chǎn)地向市場輸送石油、煤和化學(xué)產(chǎn)品的運(yùn)輸方式，是統(tǒng)一運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)中干線運(yùn)輸?shù)奶厥饨M成部分。有時候，氣動管 (pneumatic tube) 也可以做到類似工作，以壓縮氣體輸送固體艙，而內(nèi)里裝著貨物。管道運(yùn)輸石油產(chǎn)品比水運(yùn)費(fèi)用高，但仍然比鐵路運(yùn)輸便宜。大部分管道都是被其所有者用來運(yùn)輸自有產(chǎn)品。 管道運(yùn)輸不僅運(yùn)輸量大、連續(xù)、迅速、經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全、可靠、平穩(wěn)以及投資少、占地少、費(fèi)用低，并可實(shí)現(xiàn)自動控制。除廣泛用于石油、天然氣的長距離運(yùn)輸外，還可運(yùn)輸?shù)V石、煤炭、建材、化學(xué)品和糧食等。管道運(yùn)輸可省去水運(yùn)或陸運(yùn)的中轉(zhuǎn)壞節(jié)，縮短運(yùn)輸周期，降低運(yùn)輸成本，提高運(yùn)輸效率。當(dāng)前管道運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展趨勢是：管道的口徑不斷增大，運(yùn)輸能力大幅度提高；管道的運(yùn)距迅速增加；運(yùn)輸物資由石油、天然氣、化工產(chǎn)品等流體逐漸擴(kuò)展到煤炭、礦石等非流體。中國目前已建成大慶至秦皇島、勝利油田至南京等多條原油管道運(yùn)輸線。 就液體與氣體而言，凡是在化學(xué)上穩(wěn)定的物質(zhì)都可以用管道運(yùn)送。故此，廢水 (sewage) 、泥漿 (slurry) 、水、甚至啤酒都可以用管道傳送。另外，管道對于運(yùn)送石油與天然氣十分重要——有關(guān)公司多數(shù)會定期檢查其管道，并用管道檢測儀 (pipeline inspection gauge) 做清潔工作。 優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)有： (1)運(yùn)量大(2)占地少(3)管道運(yùn)輸建設(shè)周期短、費(fèi)用低(4)管道運(yùn)輸安全可靠、連續(xù)性強(qiáng)(5)管道運(yùn)輸耗能少、成本低、效益好。 靈活性差。管道運(yùn)輸不如其他運(yùn)輸方式(如汽車運(yùn)輸)靈活，除承運(yùn)的貨物比較單一外，它也不容隨便擴(kuò)展管線。實(shí)現(xiàn)“門到門”的運(yùn)輸服務(wù)，對一般用戶來說，管道運(yùn)輸常常要與鐵路運(yùn)輸或汽車運(yùn)輸、水路運(yùn)輸配合才能完成全程輸送。此外由于運(yùn)輸量明顯不足時，運(yùn)輸成本會顯著地增大。 管道運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)越性 在五大運(yùn)輸方式中，管道運(yùn)輸有著獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢。在建設(shè)上，與鐵路、公路、航空相比，投資要省得多。就石油的管道運(yùn)輸與鐵路運(yùn)輸相比，交通運(yùn)輸協(xié)會的有關(guān)專家曾算過一筆賬：沿我國成品油主要流向建設(shè)一條長7000公里的管道，它所產(chǎn)生的社會綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，僅降低運(yùn)輸成本、節(jié)省動力消耗、減少運(yùn)輸中的損耗3項(xiàng)，每年就可以節(jié)約資金數(shù)10億元左右；而且對于具有易燃特性的石油運(yùn)輸來說，管道運(yùn)輸更有著安全、密閉等特點(diǎn)。 在油氣運(yùn)輸上，管道運(yùn)輸有其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢，首先在于它的平穩(wěn)、不間斷輸送，對于現(xiàn)代化大生產(chǎn)來說，油田不停地生產(chǎn)，管道可以做到不停地運(yùn)輸，煉油化工工業(yè)可以不停地生產(chǎn)成品，滿足國民經(jīng)濟(jì)需要；二是實(shí)現(xiàn)了安全運(yùn)輸，對于油氣來說，汽車、火車運(yùn)輸均有很大的危險，國外稱之為“活動炸彈”，而管道在地下密閉輸送，具有極高的安全性；三是保質(zhì)，管道在密閉狀態(tài)下運(yùn)輸，油品不揮發(fā)，質(zhì)量不受影響；四是經(jīng)濟(jì)，管道運(yùn)輸損耗少、運(yùn)費(fèi)低、占地少、污染低。 成品油作為易燃易爆的高危險性流體，最好運(yùn)輸方式應(yīng)該是管道輸送。與其他運(yùn)輸方式相比，管道運(yùn)輸成品油有運(yùn)輸量大，勞動生產(chǎn)率高；建設(shè)周期短，投資少，占地少；運(yùn)輸損耗少，無“三廢”排放，有利于環(huán)境生態(tài)保護(hù)；可全天候連續(xù)運(yùn)輸，安全性高，事故少；以及運(yùn)輸自動化，成本和能耗低等明顯優(yōu)勢。 中國管道運(yùn)輸業(yè)35年發(fā)展紀(jì)實(shí) 8月3日，是中國管道建設(shè)35周年的紀(jì)念日。35年，在人類的發(fā)展史上只是短暫一瞬。然而，它對于中國長輸管道來說，卻是一個從零的突破到爭雄國內(nèi)、走向世界的飛躍歷程。 從1970年8月3日的“八三會戰(zhàn)”開始，中國石油天然氣管道局就伴隨著中國管道運(yùn)輸業(yè)的誕生、發(fā)展，從稚嫩走向成熟，成長壯大為我國管道建設(shè)的主力軍。管道運(yùn)輸業(yè)從大慶起步 為解決大慶原油外輸困難，緩解東三省以及華北十分緊張的動力燃料問題，1970年，黨中央決定搶建東北輸油管道。建設(shè)長距離、大口徑的輸油管道在我國尚屬首創(chuàng)，一系列技術(shù)問題均無章可循，材料設(shè)備必須從零開始。靠人拉肩扛和氣吞山河的軍民大會戰(zhàn)，完成了北起黑龍江大慶、南達(dá)遼寧撫順的中國第一條千里油龍的建設(shè)。 1975年9月，管道建設(shè)者又完成了大慶至鐵嶺、鐵嶺至大連、鐵嶺至秦皇島、撫順至四平、撫順至鞍山、盤山到錦西和中朝輸油管道，這8條管道，編織成了東北輸油管網(wǎng)。 正當(dāng)東北管網(wǎng)緊張地建設(shè)之中，籌備成立統(tǒng)一建設(shè)和管理管道的職能機(jī)關(guān)———管道局的工作，也在緊鑼密鼓地進(jìn)行。1973年4月16日，中國石油天然氣管道局在河北廊坊誕生。這就意味著，繼鐵路、海運(yùn)、公路、航空之后，一個新興的運(yùn)輸行業(yè)———管道運(yùn)輸業(yè)的興起。今天的奮斗結(jié)出碩果 隨著國家進(jìn)行西部大開發(fā)，管道局又把目光投在了西部。 1990年建設(shè)新疆塔里木第一條輪南到庫爾勒輸油管道，1995承建我國第一條長距離、大口徑沙漠管道，緊接著是鄯烏天然氣管道、庫鄯輸油管道。1996年3月陜京天然氣管道開工，然后是澀寧蘭、蘭成渝、陜京二線、忠武管道…… 2002年7月，全長4000公里的西氣東輸工程正式開工了。管道局全方位參與了西氣東輸工程建設(shè)，并創(chuàng)造了多項(xiàng)中國管道的新紀(jì)錄。目前，連通陜京二線與西氣東輸?shù)募綄幹Ч艿?、從阿拉山口到?dú)山子的輸油管道，以及總長近4000公里的西部管道工程，正在如火如荼的建設(shè)之中。 回顧管道局的發(fā)展史，更不應(yīng)該忘記他們走出國門、開發(fā)國際市場的歷史。從1981年伊拉克800公里水管道的勞務(wù)輸出開始，到1995年突尼斯282公里天然氣管道項(xiàng)目，1999年蘇丹1/2/4區(qū)1506公里原油管道項(xiàng)目，為管道局在國際上贏得了信譽(yù)。 2000年開始，管道局將國際市場開發(fā)納入企業(yè)的發(fā)展規(guī)劃，制定了國際市場開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略。 他們設(shè)立了蘇丹、利比亞、阿聯(lián)酋、伊拉克、印尼、委內(nèi)瑞拉和哈薩克斯坦等7個辦事處。分別成立了蘇丹工程項(xiàng)目部、監(jiān)理項(xiàng)目部，利比亞工程項(xiàng)目部，哈薩克斯坦工程項(xiàng)目部。新戰(zhàn)略將打造響亮品牌 新的時期，管道局確立了“創(chuàng)新思維，實(shí)現(xiàn)超越，爭雄國內(nèi)，走向世界”的企業(yè)精神，并將企業(yè)重新進(jìn)行了定位：代表國家的先進(jìn)水平、引領(lǐng)行業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步、具有國際馳名品牌的管道工程專業(yè)化公司。 在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)思想上，管道局實(shí)現(xiàn)了由國內(nèi)重點(diǎn)工程建設(shè)為主向國內(nèi)重點(diǎn)工程和國際工程并重轉(zhuǎn)變，由施工型工程公司向施工加管理型工程公司轉(zhuǎn)變。他們站在管道事業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略高度，提出了“布網(wǎng)（建管道網(wǎng)絡(luò)）、建庫（參與國家地下儲備庫建設(shè)）、進(jìn)城（加強(qiáng)城市燃?xì)饨ㄔO(shè)）、下海（開發(fā)海洋管道）”的發(fā)展方向，確立了打造世界馳名的管道專業(yè)化公司的宏偉目標(biāo)。One. Overview: The water spray system in support of the main ports of the reactor is expected machinery, ship unloader, and so on the track hanging. The main materials used to remove the pile, unloading, transport equipment in the course of covering the surface of dust, dust and so on. II. How it works: water spray system by the tanks, single-stage centrifugal pumps, piping, valves manually, one-way valve, pressure gauge, the level gauge glass, solenoid valves, such as the composition of the nozzle. Of the water spray system has three spray, a water tank with high and low level, low-level cease to be the first centrifugal pump, and then quickly connected to the joint, open water solenoid valve (1), the water began. High-level pay off solenoid valve (1), the water stopped. Ship unloader to work, when the hopper is expected to reach great time to open solenoid valve (4), began to spray nozzle to suppress dust. When the material arrived straight away when the tube closed solenoid valve (4) and at the same time open the solenoid valve (2), began to spray nozzle to suppress dust. When the materials reach the discharge belt machine shut down when the solenoid valve (2) and at the same time open the solenoid valve (3), began to spray nozzle to suppress dust, after the closure of the solenoid valve (3). The entire work after the end of the cycle should be based on the work of each cycle between the time the decision to shut down and restart the pump, in general, such as the work of each cycle in more than 10 minutes to stop centrifugal pump, in 10 minutes, then do not have to Centrifugal pump to stop. III. Technical parameters: 1. Single-stage centrifugal pumps: Model ISW65-250, traffic 25m3 / h, head 80m, electric power 15Kw, 415V/50HZ; 2. Pressure system: 0.8Mpa; 3. Flow system: 416.7L/Min ; 4. Nozzle: 32; 5. Tank capacity: 2m3; 6. Float liquid level controller: pressure 1Mpa, voltage 110V, contact capacity 200VA; 7. Solenoid valve: voltage 110AC 50HZ. IV. Debugging: the work before the ship unloader to check on the tank glass of water level, low-level water tank to be filled water, and then to see the front of the centrifugal pump cut-off valve is open, if opened should open the valve Centrifugal pump in order to avoid damage. Ship unloader at work to open centrifugal pump, the medium through a non-return valve, spray pipelines to reach each point, when the expected spray reach the point when the solenoid valve to open at the beginning of spraying water dust. Spray in each of the points are setting the solenoid valve by-pass valve for the purpose of the spray at the point when the damage to the closure of the solenoid valve solenoid valve before and after the throttle valve, in parallel to open the throttle, spray can point to normal , At the same time can be solenoid valve repair. Float on the water tank equipped with two liquid level controller, when the water tanks in low-level, low-level alarm float controller, the staff should be open water solenoid valve (1) to start adding water. When the water tank in high-level, high-level controller float sender to close the water solenoid valve (1) to stop adding water. In the system of setting the lowest drainage valve for release before the winter to make the water system. Water tank located at the bottom of the drainage valves (ball), for emptying the water in the tank. In the funnel large platform feeder vibration adapter I expected the Department set up a flushing device, by the ball, rapid joints, hoses, composed of high-pressure water jets. Need to use the washing device should be open centrifugal pump. (A) the use of pump pressure: pressure pumps form chart: 1. Start-up operation: a) hand-FAN BLADE Bozhuan motor, impeller should be no card mill, rotating flexible; b) set by hand pump in order to move lubricating fluid Into the end mechanical seal; c) the exhaust water, open the valve of imports, so full of liquid into the cavity pump until the entire pipeline is full of liquid and ensure the import of seal pipeline; d) the closure of the export valve to reduce the starting current; e) to connect power, determine the starting point in the right direction, from the motor FAN BLADE depends on for clockwise rotation; f) to gradually adjust the export of the valves open, as far as possible so that the pump's rated the work of state; g) the operation of the pump in the process of Found an unusual noise or sound, immediately inspect stopping; h) normal mechanical seal leakage should be less than 3 drops / min, electrical inspection, the Department bearing temperature rise of <70 ℃, more than the value of the reasons for inspection; i) Access to power, and then gradually to normal rotor tube spit on the road to open the valve, the valve in the closed, the pumps working hours in a row can not be more than 10 minutes. 2. Stop: a) spit shut down pipeline valves; b) cut off power to stop motor run; c) close the valve of imports; d) If the ambient temperature below 0 ℃ or pump out the long-term, should pump out water .
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