心臟簡介 heart器官簡介：心臟為人和脊椎動(dòng)物器官之一。是循環(huán)系統(tǒng)中的動(dòng)力。人的心臟如本人的拳頭，外形像桃子，位于橫膈之上，兩肺間而偏左。主要由心肌構(gòu)成，有左心房、左心室、右心房、右心室四個(gè)腔。左右心房之間和左右心室之間均由間隔隔開，故互不相通，心房與心室之間有瓣膜，這些瓣膜使血液只能由心房流入心室，而不能倒流。 詞語解釋：心臟也比喻中心，如“首都北京是祖國的心臟”。 Organ synopsis: One of heart manner and vertebrate organs. Is in circulatory system's power. Human's heart like myself fist, contour likely peach, located at horizontal diaphragm above, between two lungs, but left. Mainly constitutes by the cardiac muscle, has the left atrium, the left ventricle, the right atrium, the right ventricle four cavities. About between the atrium and about between the ventricle separates by the gap, therefore is not interlinked mutually, between the atrium and the ventricle has the valve, these valves enable the blood only to flow in the ventricle by the atrium, but cannot flow backwards. the words and expressions explained: The heart also analogies the center, like “capital Beijing is the motherland heart”. 器官部位：心臟位于胸腔內(nèi)，膈肌的上方，二肺之間，約三分之二在中線左側(cè)。心臟如一倒置的，前后略扁的圓錐體像一個(gè)桃子。心尖鈍圓，朝向左前下方，與胸前壁鄰近，其體表投影在左胸前壁第五肋間隙鎖骨中線內(nèi)側(cè)1-2cm處，故在此處可看到或摸到心尖搏動(dòng)。心底較寬，有大血管由此出入，朝向右后上方，與食管等后縱隔的器官相鄰 Organ parts: heart in the chest, above the diaphragm, the lungs, and about two-thirds of the center line in the left side. If a heart inverted, slightly before and after Chen Shui-bian of the cone like a peach. Apex blunt yen, towards the bottom left, and the front wall nearby, its surface projection in the fifth Lei Jianxi Zuoxiong anterior midline medial clavicular 1-2 cm, it can be seen here and reached the apex or throb. The bottom of my heart wide, have access to this great vessels, right after North Korea at the top, and esophagus, and other adjacent organs after mediastinal 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：心臟表面靠近心底處，有橫位的冠狀溝幾乎環(huán)繞心臟一周，僅在前面被主動(dòng)脈及肺動(dòng)脈的起始部所中斷。溝以上為左、右心房，溝以下為左、右心室。在心室的前面及后（下）面各有一縱行的淺溝，由冠狀溝伸向心尖稍右方，分別稱前后室間溝，為左、右心室的表面分界。左心房、左心室和右心房、右心室的正常位置關(guān)系呈現(xiàn)輕度由右向左扭轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)象，即右心偏于右前上方，左心偏于左后下方。 心臟是一中空的肌性器官，內(nèi)有四腔：后上部為左心房、右心房，二者之間有房間隔分隔；前下部為左心室、右心室，二者間隔以室間隔。正常情況下，因房、室間隔的分隔，左半心與右半心不直接交通，但每個(gè)心房可經(jīng)房室口通向同側(cè)心 室。右心房壁較薄。根據(jù)血流方向，右心房有三個(gè)入口，一個(gè)出口。入口即上、下腔靜脈口和冠狀竇口。冠狀竇口為心壁靜脈血回心的主要入口。出口即右房室口，右心房借助其通向右心室。房間隔后下部的卵圓形凹陷稱卵圓窩，為胚胎時(shí)期連通左、右心房的卵圓孔閉鎖后的遺跡。右心房上部向左前突出的部分稱右心耳。 右心室有出入二口，入口即右房室口，其周緣附有三塊葉片狀瓣膜，稱右房室瓣（即三尖瓣）。按位置分別稱前瓣、后瓣、隔瓣。瓣膜垂向室腔，并借許多線樣的腱索與心室壁上的乳頭肌相連。出口稱肺動(dòng)脈口，其周緣有三個(gè)半月形瓣膜，稱肺動(dòng)脈瓣。 左心房構(gòu)成心底的大部分，有四個(gè)入口，一個(gè)出口。在左心房后壁的兩側(cè)，各有一對肺靜脈口，為左右肺靜脈的入口；左心房的前下有左房室口，通向左心室。左心房前部向右前突出的部分，稱左心耳。 左心室有出入二口。入口即左房室口，周緣附有左房室瓣（二尖瓣），按位置稱前瓣、后瓣，它們亦有腱索分別與前、后乳頭肌相連。出口為主動(dòng)脈口，位于左房室口的右前上方，周緣附有半月形的主動(dòng)脈瓣。 腔室 入口 入瓣膜 出口 瓣膜 作用 左心房 肺靜脈 左房室口 二尖瓣 在心室收縮時(shí)阻止血液逆流回心房 左心室 左房室口 二尖瓣 主動(dòng)脈口 主動(dòng)脈瓣 在心室舒張時(shí)防止血液逆流回心室 右心房 上、下腔靜脈 冠狀竇口 右房室口 三尖瓣 在心室收縮時(shí)阻止血液逆流回心房 右心室 右房室口 三尖瓣 肺動(dòng)脈口 肺動(dòng)脈瓣 在心室舒張時(shí)防止血液逆流回心室 在右心房室和左心房室之間各有一組房室瓣，分別叫三尖瓣和二尖瓣。它們是單向瓣，允許血液從心房向心室流動(dòng)，并防止其向反方向（即心室向心房）的流動(dòng)。 血液流動(dòng)方向?yàn)椋荷舷虑混o脈→右心房→右心室→肺動(dòng)脈→肺循環(huán)→肺靜脈→左心房→左心室→主動(dòng)脈→體循環(huán)→上下腔靜脈 Basic structure: the heart of the surface near the bottom of my heart, Wang Guan Zhuanggou almost around-the heart of the week, just in front of the aorta and pulmonary artery start interrupted by the Department. Ditch above the left and right atrium, ditch Following is the left and right ventricle. Ventricle in the front and after the (next) have a vertical surface of the Qiangou, Guan Zhuanggou reaching the apex slightly from the right, respectively, said that before and after the inter-ditch room for the left and right ventricle of the surface boundaries. The left atrium and left ventricle and the right atrium and right ventricle of the normal relations between the present location of mild to reverse the phenomenon from right to left, the right heart Pianyu front right at the top, left posterior left ventricular Pianyu below. The heart is a hollow muscular organ, with four-chamber: after the upper left atrium and right atrium, the interval between the two have separated; before the lower part of the left ventricle, right ventricle, the septum between the two. Under normal circumstances, due to room, separating the septum, left heart and mind are not directly in right traffic, but each atrium via AV mouth to the ipsilateral ventricle. Right atrium wall thinner. Under the direction of blood flow, there are three right atrium entrance, exit. Entrance is on the inferior vena cava mouth and coronary sinus mouth. I coronary sinus blood for the heart wall Huixin the main entrance. Exports that right atrioventricular mouth, the right atrium with its right-ventricular. After the interval the lower part of the oval depression that oval Waterloo, for the embryonic period of connectivity left and right atrium of the oval hole after the remains closed. Turn left before the upper right atrium prominent part of that right atrial appendage. The right ventricle is different from two, the entrance is right atrioventricular mouth, with its three-week margin of leaf-like valves, said right Atrioventricular (Tricuspid). By location were said before the flap, flap, flap at. Room valve vertical cavity, and through many line with the kind of chordal ventricular wall muscle connected to the nipple. I said pulmonary exports, its fate has three weeks Ban Yuexing valve, said pulmonary valve. The left atrium constitute the majority of the bottom of my heart, there are four entrance, exit. In the left atrium on both sides of the back wall, each with a pulmonary vein, the pulmonary vein around the entrance, the left atrium of the former heart I have left, to the left ventricle. The right front of the left atrium before the prominent part, said the left atrial appendage. Left ventricle is different from two. I left compartment that is imported, peripheral bearing left atrioventricular valve (mitral), said the position before the flap, flap, they also chordal with before and after the papillary muscle connected. Export-mouth aorta, left in the mouth right anterior compartment at the top, peripheral Ban Yuexing with the aortic valve. Valve chamber entrance into the role of export valve The left atrium pulmonary vein I left mitral valve in the heart ventricular systolic blood countercurrent to stop at the atrium I left mitral valve left ventricular heart aortic valve in the aortic mouth when ventricular diastolic blood countercurrent to prevent ventricular Right atrium, the inferior vena cava coronary sinus mouth right atrioventricular I ventricular contraction in the tricuspid valve to prevent blood countercurrent to atrial The right ventricle right atrioventricular I tricuspid pulmonary valve in the pulmonary mouth when ventricular diastolic blood countercurrent to prevent ventricular Room in the right atrium and left atrium between the rooms have a heart valve, were called tricuspid and mitral valve. They are one-way valve, allowing blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle and to prevent it from the opposite direction (that is, to atrial ventricular) flows. Blood flow direction: from top to bottom IVC → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary → → pulmonary circulation → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricular → aortic → systemic → from top to bottom IVC