在行測(cè)考試中，資料分析主要考查的是對(duì)統(tǒng)計(jì)材料的理解、把握、查找比較的能力，而資料分析近些年來(lái)，對(duì)于平均數(shù)相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考察越發(fā)的重視，但是由于而均數(shù)本身難度比較大，公式以及相關(guān)計(jì)算比較復(fù)雜，成為許多考生比較頭疼的問(wèn)題。其實(shí)對(duì)于平均數(shù)而言，也有許多小的技巧，只要掌握了計(jì)算方法、理解了題干的本質(zhì)，就可以達(dá)到迅速解題的目的。今天湖北公務(wù)員考試網(wǎng)（http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg）就帶大家一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)資料分析的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)——平均數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)量和增長(zhǎng)率。

　　

一、基本概念

　　

基本概念：平均數(shù)增長(zhǎng)量是指現(xiàn)期平均數(shù)相對(duì)于基期平均數(shù)所增長(zhǎng)的量;

　　

平均數(shù)增長(zhǎng)率則指的是現(xiàn)期平均數(shù)相對(duì)于基期平均數(shù)所增長(zhǎng)的百分比。

　　

區(qū)別：通過(guò)概念我們可以了解到，由于平均數(shù)本身是一個(gè)帶單位的具體的量，因此平均數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)量也是一個(gè)量且單位不發(fā)生變化，而平均數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率則是具體量的增長(zhǎng)率，是一個(gè)百分?jǐn)?shù)的形式。

　　

二、基本公式

　　

http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110333281.png />

　　

三、解題及計(jì)算方法

　　

1)平均數(shù)增長(zhǎng)量

　　

例1

　　

http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110767562.png />

　　

問(wèn)題：與2018年相比，2019 年全國(guó)商品房銷(xiāo)售均價(jià)約：

　　

A.增長(zhǎng) 580 元

　　

B.增長(zhǎng) 710 元

　　

C.下降 580 元

　　

D.下降 710 元

　　

【答案】A。首先確定考點(diǎn)，全國(guó)商品房銷(xiāo)售均價(jià)為平均數(shù)，出現(xiàn)了選項(xiàng)為增長(zhǎng)或者下降且?guī)挝?，因此所求為平均?shù)的增長(zhǎng)量，而所求為全國(guó)商品房銷(xiāo)售均價(jià)，銷(xiāo)售額為總量，面積為份數(shù)。全國(guó)商品房銷(xiāo)售面積和銷(xiāo)售額分別為171558萬(wàn)平方米和159725億元，同比分別增長(zhǎng)-0.1%和6.5%，因此列式為http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110217863.png />故排除C,D選項(xiàng)。由于選項(xiàng)數(shù)量級(jí)相同，我們?cè)谟?jì)算時(shí)只需要計(jì)算結(jié)果的有效數(shù)字即可，6.5%-(-0.1%)=6.6%，而http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110117967.png />略小于1，因此6.6%乘一個(gè)略小于1的數(shù)，一定變小，因此其有效數(shù)字應(yīng)比6.6%的有效數(shù)字略小，選則稍小的A項(xiàng)。

　　

小結(jié)：求平均數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)量時(shí)，我們可類(lèi)比比重的增長(zhǎng)量計(jì)算方式，通過(guò)計(jì)算結(jié)果的有效數(shù)字結(jié)合選項(xiàng)排除錯(cuò)誤答案來(lái)選擇正確答案。

　　

2)平均數(shù)增長(zhǎng)率

　　

例2

　　

http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110189863.png />

　　

問(wèn)題：2007-2018 年，全國(guó)茶園面積首次超過(guò) 200 萬(wàn)公頃的年份，當(dāng)年茶園單位面積茶葉產(chǎn)量比上年：

　　

A.增加了不到 10%

　　

B.增加了 10%以上

　　

C.下降了不到 10%

　　

D.下降了 10%以上

　　

【答案】A。由圖形材料可知，2007-2018年全國(guó)茶園面積首次超過(guò)200萬(wàn)公頃的是2011年，當(dāng)年茶葉產(chǎn)量為160.8萬(wàn)噸，茶園面積為205.6萬(wàn)公頃，則茶園單位面積茶葉產(chǎn)量為http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110237336.png />2010年茶園單位面積茶葉產(chǎn)量為http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110815296.png />所求為園單位面積茶葉產(chǎn)量比上年增加的百分?jǐn)?shù)，為平均數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率，由于題干中未出現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)率，因此需用原始公式http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110385568.png />求解，代入數(shù)據(jù)列式為http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110797530.png />故選A。

　　

小結(jié)：

　　

1)求平均數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率時(shí)，如果選項(xiàng)是精確的數(shù)值且給定了總量和份數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率，可直接套公式http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110129245.png />若選項(xiàng)為精確數(shù)沒(méi)有給出總量和份數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率，而是分別給出了現(xiàn)期和基期的總量和份數(shù)，則要套用原始公式http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110246798.png />求解。

　　

2)求平均數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率時(shí)，若選項(xiàng)為一個(gè)范圍且沒(méi)有給出總量和份數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率，而是分別給出了現(xiàn)期和基期的總量和份數(shù)時(shí)，可采用估算的方式，分別計(jì)算總量和份數(shù)的增長(zhǎng)率，再代入原始公式http://www.xouvqe.cn/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082663378.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc082373319.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081eced8b.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081aefc23.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08180b3da.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0815c7f3c.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0813489d0.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0812b23bd.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc08112be16.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc0810a162a.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc081026774.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080f00f80.jpeg/zb_users/upload/water/2022-01-10/61dc080c8041a.jpeg/uploadfile2013/image/20220110538387.png />去計(jì)算。

　　

以上是平均數(shù)增長(zhǎng)量和增長(zhǎng)率相關(guān)的公式以及解題技巧。希望對(duì)大家的備考有所幫助，也希望大家在今后的練習(xí)中靈活應(yīng)用，提高做題速度以及正確率。

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